How do you test and monitor compensation activities in BPMN?

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Compensation activities are a special type of tasks in BPMN that allow you to undo or reverse the effects of previous tasks in case of an exception or a cancellation. For example, if you book a flight and a hotel for a trip, but then you need to cancel the trip, you can use compensation activities to refund the flight and the hotel. Compensation activities are useful for handling complex and long-running business processes that involve multiple parties and transactions. But how do you test and monitor them to ensure they work as expected and comply with the business rules? In this article, we will show you some tips and best practices for testing and monitoring compensation activities in BPMN.

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Gladys A.

Product Manager | Business Analyst | Change Manager | Implementation Manager | Training and Coaching

1 Use compensation events

One way to test and monitor compensation activities is to use compensation events, which are special types of intermediate events that trigger the execution of compensation activities. You can attach compensation events to the boundary of a subprocess, an activity, or a transaction, and specify the condition or event that initiates the compensation. For example, you can use an error event, a cancel event, or a message event to trigger the compensation. You can also use a compensation event subprocess, which is a subprocess that contains only compensation activities and is activated by a compensation event. By using compensation events, you can test and monitor when and how the compensation activities are executed, and verify if they achieve the desired outcome.

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Gladys A.

Product Manager | Business Analyst | Change Manager | Implementation Manager | Training and Coaching
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I start by creating comprehensive test scenarios based on potential/pre-identified failure points, such as errors or cancellations. For example, in a CRM system, if a customer’s order is processed and payment is made, but later, the order cannot be fulfilled, compensation activities would be used to reverse the payment and update the inventory. I document and validate these scenarios through testing to confirm compensation triggers and rollback actions work as expected. I also keep detailed records of the compensation logic and test results, and schedule regular reviews to keep processes updated as requirements change. This approach helps maintain consistency and ensures the compensation activities are effective and reliable.

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2 Use transaction subprocesses

Another way to test and monitor compensation activities is to use transaction subprocesses, which are special types of subprocesses that have a transactional behavior and semantics. A transaction subprocess defines a logical unit of work that consists of several activities that must be completed successfully as a whole, or else be compensated as a whole. For example, you can use a transaction subprocess to model the booking of a flight and a hotel as a single transaction. A transaction subprocess has three possible outcomes: success, failure, or cancel. You can define different compensation activities for each outcome, and use transaction events to indicate the status of the transaction. By using transaction subprocesses, you can test and monitor the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) properties of the compensation activities, and ensure they follow the business rules and policies.

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3 Use data objects and data stores

A third way to test and monitor compensation activities is to use data objects and data stores, which are elements that represent the data inputs and outputs of the process. Data objects are used to model the data that is required or produced by an activity, while data stores are used to model the persistent data that is shared among different processes or subprocesses. For example, you can use data objects to model the flight and hotel reservations, and data stores to model the customer database and the payment system. By using data objects and data stores, you can test and monitor the data flow and the data quality of the compensation activities, and check if they update, delete, or restore the data correctly and securely.

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4 Use simulation and analysis tools

A fourth way to test and monitor compensation activities is to use simulation and analysis tools, which are software applications that allow you to run and evaluate the process model in a virtual environment. Simulation and analysis tools can help you to identify and resolve potential issues, errors, or bottlenecks in the process, and to optimize the performance, efficiency, and quality of the process. For example, you can use simulation and analysis tools to measure the execution time, the costs, the resources, and the risks of the compensation activities, and to compare different scenarios and alternatives. By using simulation and analysis tools, you can test and monitor the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the compensation activities, and improve the process design and execution.

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5 Use documentation and communication tools

A fifth way to test and monitor compensation activities is to use documentation and communication tools, which are software applications that allow you to document and communicate the process model and its elements. Documentation and communication tools can help you to capture and share the information, knowledge, and feedback about the process, and to align the expectations and requirements of the stakeholders. For example, you can use documentation and communication tools to create and update the process documentation, the business rules, the contracts, and the agreements related to the compensation activities, and to communicate them to the process participants, customers, suppliers, and regulators. By using documentation and communication tools, you can test and monitor the compliance and transparency of the compensation activities, and enhance the process governance and accountability.

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6 Use testing and monitoring best practices

Testing and monitoring best practices can help ensure the quality and reliability of compensation activities. These practices include defining measurable objectives and criteria aligned with the business goals and strategy, planning and allocating sufficient resources for the activities, performing multiple types of testing and monitoring, using appropriate methods, techniques, and tools, documenting and communicating results, findings, issues, and actions, tracking and resolving them in a timely manner, and evaluating the activities regularly. By utilizing these best practices, you can test and monitor the quality of the compensation process to meet expectations.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you test and monitor compensation activities in BPMN?

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1 Use compensation events

2 Use transaction subprocesses

3 Use data objects and data stores

4 Use simulation and analysis tools

5 Use documentation and communication tools

6 Use testing and monitoring best practices

7 Here’s what else to consider

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