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How do you set realistic and achievable targets for CPI and SPI in your project plan?

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If you are managing a project, you need to monitor and control its cost and schedule performance. Two key indicators that can help you do that are the cost performance index (CPI) and the schedule performance index (SPI). These ratios measure how efficiently your project is using its budget and time, and how well it is meeting its targets. But how do you set realistic and achievable targets for CPI and SPI in your project plan? In this article, we will explain what CPI and SPI are, how to calculate them, and how to use them to set and adjust your project goals.

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Judith Rojas Valeri

Especialista en Gestión de Contratos y Costos.

1 What are CPI and SPI?

CPI and SPI are part of the earned value management (EVM) method, which compares the planned value (PV), the earned value (EV), and the actual cost (AC) of your project. PV is the budgeted amount of work that should be completed by a certain date. EV is the value of the work that has been actually completed by that date. AC is the amount of money that has been spent to complete that work. CPI and SPI are calculated as follows:

CPI = EV / AC

SPI = EV / PV

A CPI of 1 means that your project is on budget, a CPI greater than 1 means that your project is under budget, and a CPI less than 1 means that your project is over budget. Similarly, an SPI of 1 means that your project is on schedule, an SPI greater than 1 means that your project is ahead of schedule, and an SPI less than 1 means that your project is behind schedule.

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Judith Rojas Valeri

Especialista en Gestión de Contratos y Costos.
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El CPI evalúa la eficiencia de costos en un proyecto. Se calcula como la relación entre el valor ganado y el costo real. Si el CPI es mayor que 1, significa que el proyecto está dentro o por debajo del presupuesto. Un CPI menor que 1 indica que los costos reales son mayores de lo previsto. índice de Desempe?o de Programación (SPI): El SPI evalúa la eficiencia de programación en un proyecto. Se calcula como la relación entre el valor ganado y el valor planificado. Un SPI mayor que 1 indica que el proyecto está avanzando según lo programado. Un SPI menor que 1 sugiere retrasos en la programación. Estos índices son herramientas valiosas para evaluar el desempe?o del proyecto y tomar decisiones informadas

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2 How to set targets for CPI and SPI?

To set realistic and achievable targets for CPI and SPI in your project plan, you need to consider several factors, such as the scope, quality, risk, and stakeholder expectations of your project. You also need to base your targets on historical data, benchmarks, and industry standards, if available. For example, you can use the average CPI and SPI of similar projects in your organization or sector as a reference point. You can also use the project management triangle or the iron triangle to balance the trade-offs between cost, time, and scope. For instance, if you want to increase the scope of your project, you may need to adjust your budget and schedule accordingly, and vice versa.

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Judith Rojas Valeri

Especialista en Gestión de Contratos y Costos.
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El CPI y SPI son herramientas poderosas para evaluar el desempe?o de un proyecto y tomar decisiones informadas. Debemos mantener un enfoque constante en la eficiencia y la calidad para lograr los objetivos establecidos, el objetivo es mantener un control de costos optimo y monitoreo de los índices: CPI mide la eficiencia del gasto en relación con el valor ganado. Para establecer un objetivo, busca alcanzar un CPI igual o superior a 1, monitorea los costos reales y ajustar para mantener un CPI saludable. SPI evalúa la eficiencia del cronograma en comparación con el plan. Un SPI de 1 indica que estás siguiendo el cronograma. Establece como objetivo un SPI igual o superior a 1 para mantener el proyecto en línea con las fechas de entrega

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3 How to monitor and adjust targets for CPI and SPI?

Once you have set your targets for CPI and SPI in your project plan, you need to monitor and report them regularly throughout the project lifecycle. You can use various tools and techniques, such as dashboards, charts, graphs, and variance analysis, to track and communicate your project's cost and schedule performance. You can also use the CPI and SPI to forecast the estimate at completion (EAC) and the estimate to complete (ETC) of your project, which are the expected total cost and remaining cost of your project, respectively. These formulas can help you calculate the EAC and ETC:

EAC = BAC / CPI

ETC = EAC - AC

BAC = budget at completion

However, your targets for CPI and SPI may change over time, due to internal or external factors, such as scope changes, risks, issues, or stakeholder feedback. Therefore, you need to review and adjust your targets periodically, based on the actual performance and progress of your project. You may also need to implement corrective or preventive actions, such as reallocating resources, revising plans, or negotiating changes, to improve your project's cost and schedule performance and alignment with your targets.

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4 What are the benefits and challenges of using CPI and SPI?

Using CPI and SPI can provide many benefits for your project management, such as enhancing decision-making, improving accountability and transparency, increasing efficiency and effectiveness, demonstrating value and quality, and satisfying stakeholders and customers. However, using CPI and SPI can also pose some challenges, including the need for accurate data collection and analysis, complex calculations, ignoring qualitative aspects of the project, depending on the accuracy of assumptions and estimates, and facing resistance from team members or stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to use CPI and SPI wisely and cautiously alongside other methods and metrics to ensure a comprehensive view of your project performance.

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Judith Rojas Valeri

Especialista en Gestión de Contratos y Costos.
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Los índices CPI y SPI permiten a las organizaciones medir con precisión el desempe?o de sus esfuerzos de gestión de costos. Proporcionan una evaluación cuantitativa de qué tan bien el proyecto está utilizando sus recursos en relación con el presupuesto planificado, Sirven como indicadores confiables para pronosticar los costos, proporcionan métricas estandarizadas para comunicar el desempe?o de costos de un proyecto a las partes interesadas. Permite generar informes claros y concisos, estas ventajas podrían verse contrarrestadas en el momento de la recopilación y análisis de datos, esto puede ser laborioso en proyectos complejos e imprecisos, hay que utilizar estos índices con otros donde podamos cruzar y validar la información.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you set realistic and achievable targets for CPI and SPI in your project plan?

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1 What are CPI and SPI?

2 How to set targets for CPI and SPI?

3 How to monitor and adjust targets for CPI and SPI?

4 What are the benefits and challenges of using CPI and SPI?

5 Here’s what else to consider

Cost Reporting

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