How do you review code that uses the template method pattern for algorithm abstraction?

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Code review is a vital practice to ensure the quality, readability, and maintainability of your software projects. It is also an opportunity to learn from your peers and share your insights and feedback. However, code review can be challenging when you encounter unfamiliar or complex design patterns, such as the template method pattern. How do you review code that uses the template method pattern for algorithm abstraction? In this article, we will explain what the template method pattern is, why it is useful, and what to look for when reviewing code that implements it.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial
Dylan Pulver

Senior Software Developer | Specialist in Full-Cycle Development & Advanced Data Systems | Proven Success in System…

1 What is the template method pattern?

The template method pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a base class, and lets subclasses override some steps of the algorithm without changing its structure. The base class declares the steps as abstract methods, and the subclasses provide concrete implementations for them. The base class also provides a template method that calls the steps in a specific order, and optionally defines some hooks or default behaviors for the steps. The template method pattern allows you to abstract the common logic of an algorithm, and vary the details according to different contexts or requirements.

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Dylan Pulver

Senior Software Developer | Specialist in Full-Cycle Development & Advanced Data Systems | Proven Success in System Architecture & Operational Efficiency | Exploring Opportunities in Tech Leadership & Startups
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1. Understanding the Pattern: Ensure you grasp the core concept of the template method pattern, including the base class and subclass roles. 2. Algorithm Structure: Analyze how the algorithm's skeleton is defined in the base class, including the abstract methods and template method. 3. Subclass Implementations: Evaluate if the subclasses provide correct and consistent implementations for the abstract methods. 4. Contextual Variations: Check how the template method pattern allows for variations in the algorithm's behavior based on different contexts or requirements. 5. Hook Methods: If applicable, examine the use of hook methods to provide optional customization points within the algorithm.

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2 Why use the template method pattern?

The template method pattern has several benefits for algorithm abstraction. First, it promotes code reuse and avoids duplication, as you only need to implement the steps that differ in each subclass. Second, it enhances cohesion and reduces coupling, as each subclass is responsible for its own behavior, and the base class only depends on abstract methods. Third, it enables the open-closed principle, as you can extend the algorithm by adding new subclasses without modifying the base class. Fourth, it facilitates testing and debugging, as you can isolate and verify each step separately.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial
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Code Reuse: By defining the skeleton of an algorithm in the base class and allowing subclasses to implement specific steps, the template method pattern encourages code reuse. This eliminates the need to write repetitive code. Avoids Duplication: Only the steps that vary need to be implemented in the subclasses, reducing code duplication and improving maintainability. Enhances Cohesion: Each subclass focuses on its own behavior, enhancing the cohesion of the code. The base class defines the structure, and subclasses implement specific details. Reduces Coupling: The base class depends only on abstract methods, reducing the coupling between different parts of the code. This makes the system more modular and easier to manage.

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3 What to check for correctness?

When reviewing code that uses the template method pattern, you should check that the code adheres to good programming practice, such as following naming conventions, providing documentation, using proper indentation, and handling errors. Additionally, it's important to ensure that the code follows the specific characteristics of the template method pattern. The base class should be abstract and define the abstract steps of the algorithm as protected methods. It should also provide a public template method that calls the abstract steps in a fixed order and potentially defines some hooks or default behaviors for the steps. Subclasses should inherit from the base class and override the abstract steps with concrete implementations, as well as override any hooks or default behaviors. It is essential that subclasses do not change the order or logic of the template method, only varying the details of the steps.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial
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- Ensure that class and method names are descriptive and follow the established naming conventions of the project or organization. - The abstract steps should be protected to ensure they are only accessible within the class hierarchy. - The public template method should correctly orchestrate the sequence of steps and optionally include hooks or default behaviors. - Check that error handling is appropriately implemented at both the base and subclass levels to manage exceptions and ensure robustness. - Ensure the code is readable and maintainable, with proper indentation and structure to facilitate future modifications and reviews.

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4 What to look for improvement?

Besides checking for correctness, you should also look for ways to improve the code that uses the template method pattern. You can suggest improvements to the clarity and consistency of the naming and documentation of classes, methods, and variables. Additionally, you should evaluate the simplicity and readability of the code, as well as its robustness and reliability when handling edge cases, exceptions, and invalid inputs. It is also important to assess the modularity and extensibility of the code, including the possibility of refactoring or extracting common functionality to a separate class or method. Finally, it is essential to consider the testability and maintainability of the code, such as the availability of unit tests, integration tests, and code comments.

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5 How to give feedback?

When reviewing code that uses the template method pattern, it's important to give feedback in a constructive and respectful manner. Begin by acknowledging what the code does well and be specific and objective when pointing out issues or suggestions. Use polite and friendly language, explain the rationale behind your feedback, and provide actionable and realistic recommendations. Prioritize the most important or urgent ones, and invite discussion or questions to ensure understanding.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you review code that uses the template method pattern for algorithm abstraction?

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1 What is the template method pattern?

2 Why use the template method pattern?

3 What to check for correctness?

4 What to look for improvement?

5 How to give feedback?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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