How do you map and convert metadata between different schemas and formats?

1 Understand the schemas and formats

Before you start mapping and converting metadata, you need to understand the characteristics, structure, and semantics of the source and target schemas and formats. A schema is a set of rules and definitions that govern the creation and use of metadata elements, such as Dublin Core, MARC, or MODS. A format is a way of encoding and representing metadata elements, such as XML, JSON, or CSV. You should familiarize yourself with the documentation, specifications, and examples of the schemas and formats you are working with, and identify their similarities and differences.

2 Choose a mapping tool or method

Depending on the complexity and scale of your metadata conversion project, you may choose to use a mapping tool or a manual method to map and convert metadata. A mapping tool is a software application that allows you to create and execute mappings between schemas and formats, such as OpenRefine, Catmandu, or XSLT. A manual method is a process that involves creating and applying mappings by hand, such as using spreadsheets, text editors, or scripts. You should consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option, such as the learning curve, the flexibility, the efficiency, and the quality of the output.

3 Define the mapping rules and criteria

The next step is to define the mapping rules and criteria that will guide your metadata conversion. A mapping rule is a statement that specifies how a metadata element in the source schema or format corresponds to a metadata element in the target schema or format, such as "map dc:title to marc:245$a". A mapping criterion is a condition that determines when a mapping rule applies, such as "if dc:type equals book". You should base your mapping rules and criteria on the requirements and expectations of the target schema or format, as well as the characteristics and limitations of the source schema or format.

4 Execute and test the mapping and conversion

Once you have defined the mapping rules and criteria, you can execute and test the mapping and conversion. If you are using a mapping tool, you can run the tool and check the output for errors, inconsistencies, or missing data. If you are using a manual method, you can apply the mapping rules and criteria to each metadata record and verify the results. You should also test the output against the standards and validation tools of the target schema or format, such as XML Schema, JSON Schema, or MARC Validator.

5 Review and refine the mapping and conversion

The final step is to review and refine the mapping and conversion. You should evaluate the output for accuracy, completeness, and usability, and compare it with the original metadata. You should also solicit feedback from the stakeholders and users of the metadata, such as librarians, researchers, or publishers. You may need to revise your mapping rules and criteria, or use additional tools or methods, to improve the quality and functionality of your metadata conversion.

6 Keep up with the changes and trends

Metadata schemas and formats are not static; they evolve and change over time, reflecting the needs and preferences of the metadata community. You should keep up with the updates and developments of the schemas and formats you are using or converting, and adjust your mapping and conversion accordingly. You should also explore new and emerging schemas and formats that may offer better solutions or opportunities for your metadata needs.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?