Last updated on 2024年4月20日

How do you manipulate text and data with shell commands and utilities?

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Shell scripting is a powerful way to automate tasks and manipulate text and data on Linux and Unix systems. You can use various shell commands and utilities to perform operations such as filtering, sorting, searching, replacing, transforming, and formatting data. In this article, you will learn how to use some of the most common and useful shell commands and utilities to manipulate text and data with shell scripting.

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Himanshu Patil

Looking for Devops role | 1 x Redhat Certified | Linux | Aws | Gcp | ?? Cloud | Git |??Docker | Ansible | Podman |…

1 What is a shell command?

A shell command is a program that runs in a shell, which is an interface that allows you to interact with the operating system. A shell command can take input from standard input (stdin), output to standard output (stdout), or error messages to standard error (stderr). You can also pass arguments and options to a shell command to modify its behavior. Some examples of shell commands are ls, cat, grep, awk, and sed.

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Himanshu Patil

Looking for Devops role | 1 x Redhat Certified | Linux | Aws | Gcp | ?? Cloud | Git |??Docker | Ansible | Podman | Skopeo | Buildah | Containerd | Kubernetes | DevsecOps | Openshift | Helm | kcompose | kustomize
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Shell commands are incredibly powerful for text and data manipulation due to their ability to chain together through pipes, allowing the output of one command to serve as the input to another. This composability enables complex data processing tasks to be broken down into simpler, single-purpose utilities. For example, 'grep' can be used to search for patterns within text, while 'awk' can perform more complex processing like data extraction and reporting. The use of redirection allows for efficient data flow management between files and commands, enhancing script functionality and automation capabilities.

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2 How do you filter data with shell commands?

One of the most common tasks in shell scripting is to filter data based on some criteria. You can use shell commands such as grep, awk, and sed to filter data by matching patterns, fields, or expressions. For example, you can use grep to filter lines that contain a certain word or regex, awk to filter lines that have a specific value in a certain field, or sed to filter lines that match or replace a certain pattern.

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?????? Alan Linero ???????

DevSecOps & SRE Specialist | Azure DevOps Certified | CI/CD Pipelines & Automation Expert | Docker & Kubernetes | Security SAST DAST | Terraform & Ansible | Monitoring, Logs & Alerts | Python, Bash & PowerShell Scripting
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One utility I've found at a professional level is grep's ability to quickly identify critical incidents in large logs, which is essential for effectively responding to issues in real-time systems. Awk has been invaluable for generating custom reports from structured data, and sed has simplified the task of automating data cleanup before analysis.

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3 How do you sort data with shell commands?

Another common task in shell scripting is to sort data based on some order. You can use the sort command to sort data by alphabetical, numerical, or other criteria. You can also specify the key, the delimiter, the reverse order, or the case sensitivity of the sorting. For example, you can use sort -n to sort data by numerical order, sort -t ',' -k 2 to sort data by the second field separated by commas, or sort -r to sort data in reverse order.

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4 How do you search data with shell commands?

Sometimes, you may need to search for specific information or patterns in data. You can use shell commands such as grep, find, and locate to search for data by keywords, regex, filenames, or paths. For example, you can use grep -i 'linux' to search for the word linux in a case-insensitive way, find . -name '*.txt' to search for all text files in the current directory and its subdirectories, or locate '*.sh' to search for all shell scripts in the system.

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5 How do you replace data with shell commands?

Another useful task in shell scripting is to replace data with new values or expressions. You can use shell commands such as sed, awk, and tr to replace data by patterns, fields, or characters. For example, you can use sed 's/old/new/g' to replace all occurrences of old with new, awk '{gsub(/old/, "new")}1' to replace all occurrences of old with new in every field, or tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' to replace all lowercase letters with uppercase letters.

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6 How do you format data with shell commands?

Finally, you may want to format data in a certain way to make it more readable or suitable for further processing. You can use shell commands such as printf, column, and paste to format data by width, alignment, or columns. For example, you can use printf '%-10s %5d\n' to format data by left-aligned strings and right-aligned numbers with fixed widths, column -t to format data by aligning columns based on the longest element, or paste -d ',' file1 file2 to format data by joining two files with commas.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you manipulate text and data with shell commands and utilities?

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1 What is a shell command?

2 How do you filter data with shell commands?

3 How do you sort data with shell commands?

4 How do you search data with shell commands?

5 How do you replace data with shell commands?

6 How do you format data with shell commands?

7 Here’s what else to consider

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