How do you leverage MPLS VPN for disaster recovery and business continuity?

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MPLS VPN is a popular technology that enables service providers and enterprises to create secure and scalable virtual private networks over a shared infrastructure. But how can you leverage MPLS VPN for disaster recovery and business continuity? In this article, we will explore some of the optimization techniques that can help you achieve high availability, performance, and resilience in your MPLS VPN network.

本文章的要点总结

Contractual guarantees:

Negotiate with service providers for specific bandwidth and latency terms, ensuring your MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN meets your disaster recovery needs.
Use traffic engineering:

MPLS TE optimizes your network flow, helping you manage traffic efficiently to maintain business continuity during disruptions.

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1 MPLS TE basics

MPLS TE stands for MPLS traffic engineering, which is a set of features and protocols that allow you to control and optimize the flow of traffic across your MPLS network. MPLS TE can help you avoid congestion, balance load, improve quality of service, and provide fast rerouting in case of failures. MPLS TE works by creating explicit paths or tunnels for traffic, based on parameters such as bandwidth, delay, priority, and affinity.

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Jason R. Rokeach

Sr. Solution Architect at Juniper, CCIE, CCDE
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This applies to the operator using MPLS, not the customer purchasing an MPLS-based VPN service. As a customer of an MPLS VPN service (and not a user of MPLS), you may enter into contracts with your service provider(s) with specific requirements regarding bandwidth and latency guarantees, failure recovery time, and path diversity. Your provider will then use MPLS-TE via Segment Routing or RSVP to meet these requirements.

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2 MPLS VPN types

There are two main types of MPLS VPNs: Layer 2 VPNs and Layer 3 VPNs. Layer 2 VPNs provide point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connectivity between customer sites, using protocols such as L2TP, VPLS, or EVPN. Layer 2 VPNs preserve the customer's layer 2 protocols and addressing, and require minimal configuration on the provider's routers. Layer 3 VPNs provide multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity between customer sites, using protocols such as BGP or L3VPN. Layer 3 VPNs use the provider's routing and addressing, and require more configuration on the provider's and customer's routers.

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Julian M.

Principal Design Engineer at VirginMediaO2
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A bit of clarification needed here: VPLS and EVPN aren't protocols per se - they are services which utilise MPLS (whereas L2TP *is* a protocol in and of itself, but isn't used for VPLS or EVPN services). Similarly L3VPN is not a protocol, it's a service which utilises BGP and MPLS.

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Srehari Saravanan

M.S. InfoSec '24 @ Stevens Tech
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Different types of MPLS VPNs play specific roles in supporting disaster recovery (DR) and business continuity (BC) strategies based on their architectural design and implementation. The most common use cases are Any-to-Any VPN (Multipoint) and MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE). Multipoint VPN allows any site to communicate with any other site within the VPN, typically using hub-and-spoke or fully meshed topologies. These VPNs support flexible connectivity between multiple sites, facilitating efficient data replication and backup strategies across dispersed locations while MPLS-TE optimizes traffic paths within an MPLS network by dynamically routing traffic based on network conditions and bandwidth requirements.

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3 MPLS TE for Layer 2 VPNs

MPLS TE can be used to optimize Layer 2 VPNs by creating dedicated tunnels for each customer or service. This can improve the isolation, security, and performance of the Layer 2 VPN traffic, as well as enable fast recovery from failures. For example, you can use MPLS TE to create a primary and a backup tunnel for each customer, and use LDP or RSVP to signal the bandwidth and priority of each tunnel. You can also use MPLS TE to create diverse paths for different types of traffic, such as voice, video, or data.

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Srehari Saravanan

M.S. InfoSec '24 @ Stevens Tech
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MPLS-TE is more commonly associated with optimizing L3 traffic in L3VPNs, the principles of traffic engineering, path optimization, and resource allocation can be adapted to enhance the performance and reliability of L2VPNs. This approach helps organizations to achieve efficient use of network resources, improve service delivery, and strengthen the overall resilience of their L2VPN deployments. MPLS-TE enables the reservation and allocation of bandwidth along specific paths within the MPLS network for L2 traffic. This ensures that critical applications or services running over L2VPNs receive adequate bandwidth and quality of service, enhancing performance and meeting SLA requirements.

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4 MPLS TE for Layer 3 VPNs

MPLS TE can also be used to optimize Layer 3 VPNs by creating tunnels for specific routes or prefixes. This can enhance the quality of service, load balancing, and fault tolerance of the Layer 3 VPN traffic, as well as reduce the routing complexity and overhead. For example, you can use MPLS TE to create a tunnel for a critical route or prefix, and use BGP or L3VPN to advertise the tunnel as a preferred path. You can also use MPLS TE to create multiple tunnels for different classes of service, such as gold, silver, or bronze.

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Kyle Prevey
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Using the protocol BGP to advertise the preferred tunnel path is more appropriate than mentioning L3VPN in the same breath. It makes it appear as a protocol that can be used as an alternative to BGP in order to advertise the tunnel as a preferred path. That would not be accurate because L3VPN is a technology/service/etc as opposed to a protocol like BGP.

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Srehari Saravanan

M.S. InfoSec '24 @ Stevens Tech
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MPLS Traffic Engineering enhances the capabilities of L3 MPLS VPNs by providing advanced traffic management, path optimization, and resilience mechanisms. MPLS-TE allows for the reservation of bandwidth along specific paths to meet the requirements of different applications or services. This ensures that critical traffic receives adequate bandwidth and QoS, minimizing delays and packet loss. This includes mechanisms like FRR to provide rapid protection against link or node failures. FRR enables MPLS routers to precompute backup paths for protected traffic, allowing for sub-50ms switchover times in case of network failures. This enhances network reliability and minimizes service disruptions.

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5 MPLS TE challenges and best practices

MPLS TE can offer many advantages for MPLS VPN networks, yet it requires careful planning and design to face the associated challenges. Scalability is a major challenge, as MPLS TE can increase the number of tunnels and labels in the network, which can affect the memory and CPU resources of the routers. To address this, it is recommended to use hierarchical MPLS TE to reduce the number of tunnels and labels by aggregating them at different levels. Interoperability is another challenge due to different protocols and standards, so it is important to follow RFCs and best practices for MPLS TE, as well as test and verify the features and functions before deploying them. Lastly, MPLS TE can complicate monitoring and troubleshooting of the network, but using tools such as ping, traceroute, show mpls te, show mpls forwarding-table, and show mpls lsp can facilitate this process.

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How do you leverage MPLS VPN for disaster recovery and business continuity?

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1 MPLS TE basics

2 MPLS VPN types

3 MPLS TE for Layer 2 VPNs

4 MPLS TE for Layer 3 VPNs

5 MPLS TE challenges and best practices

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