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How do you keep dams and reservoirs safe and reliable?

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Dams and reservoirs are vital for water supply, irrigation, hydropower, flood control, and recreation. But they also pose significant risks to people, property, and the environment if they fail or malfunction. As a civil engineer, you need to ensure that dams and reservoirs are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained safely and reliably. In this article, you will learn about some of the key aspects of dam and reservoir safety and reliability, such as:

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1 Risk assessment

Risk assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the potential hazards and consequences of dam and reservoir failure or malfunction. It involves collecting and reviewing data, inspecting and monitoring the structures, performing numerical and physical modeling, and estimating the probability and severity of different scenarios. Risk assessment helps you to prioritize the most critical issues and to develop risk reduction measures, such as emergency action plans, rehabilitation projects, or decommissioning options.

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Badruz Zaman ????

Project Manager @ Witteveen+Bos | Water Management
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It is important to assess the risks. As a hydrologist, I involved in assessing the risk of dam in related to flood during extreme events. The risks should be evaluated at least one in 5 years. This is due to the climate and land use has dramatically changed which can increase the risk of flooding. Flood event that beyond the capacity of a spillway structure may destruct the integrity of the dam. To have a clear picture of the risk of flooding, we provided a flood map showing the affected area if bad scenario happens such as dam breach and failure of spillway structure. Recommendations to minimize the risk of flooding are provided to the authority. This will ease the job of authority for their work plan and to inform the public society.

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2 Design and construction

Design and construction are the stages where you can establish the technical specifications, standards, and quality control measures for dams and reservoirs. You need to consider the site conditions, hydrological and geological factors, material properties, structural stability, hydraulic performance, and environmental impacts of your design. You also need to follow the relevant codes, regulations, and best practices for dam and reservoir engineering. You should ensure that the design and construction are supervised by qualified and experienced professionals and that the documentation is complete and accurate.

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David Jasinski

+110k followers | ??Geoengineering | Sheet Piling World | Personal Branding | North and Latin America
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During the design and construction phases, the foundations are laid for the future safety and operational capability of the dam. One of the key issues in dam construction is ensuring its stability against internal erosion, which could potentially lead to dam failure. This phenomenon, commonly called the "piping effect," results from water seeping through a dam or its foundation. Using vinyl sheet piles to create impervious barriers within a dam or along its foundations can be a game changer in this context. These piles act as effective containment walls, mitigating internal erosion and reducing the risk of piping effects

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3 Operation and maintenance

Operation and maintenance are the ongoing activities that you need to perform to keep dams and reservoirs functioning properly and safely. They include controlling the water level and flow, inspecting and repairing the structures and equipment, testing and updating the instrumentation and control systems, and managing the sedimentation and vegetation. You should follow the operation and maintenance manuals and procedures, as well as the recommendations from the risk assessment and the regulatory agencies. You should also train and educate the staff and stakeholders on the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of dams and reservoirs.

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David Jasinski

+110k followers | ??Geoengineering | Sheet Piling World | Personal Branding | North and Latin America
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Routine operation and maintenance activities ensure the reliability of dams and reservoirs throughout their service life. Steps such as regular inspections can identify problems such as seepage or erosion, both of which can be effectively addressed with vinyl sheet piles. If leak paths begin to form, creating a barrier of vinyl sheet piles can stop internal erosion from progressing. Moreover, their durability ensures that they require minimal maintenance once installed, allowing for more sustainable and cheaper operation in the long term.

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4 Surveillance and monitoring

Surveillance and monitoring are the methods that you use to observe and measure the performance and behavior of dams and reservoirs. They include visual inspection, instrumentation, remote sensing, surveying, and testing. Surveillance and monitoring help you to detect any changes, anomalies, or signs of deterioration or distress in the structures or the surrounding environment. They also help you to verify the design assumptions, validate the numerical models, and evaluate the effectiveness of the risk reduction measures. You should establish a surveillance and monitoring program that covers the key parameters, frequencies, methods, and reporting of the data.

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5 Emergency preparedness

Emergency preparedness is the ability to respond quickly and effectively to any potential or actual dam or reservoir failure or malfunction. It involves developing and implementing an emergency action plan (EAP), which is a document that describes the roles and responsibilities, communication and coordination, warning and evacuation, and recovery and restoration procedures in case of an emergency. You should coordinate the EAP with the relevant authorities, organizations, and communities, and conduct regular drills and exercises to test and improve its readiness and efficiency.

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6 Innovation and research

Innovation and research are the ways that you can improve and advance the knowledge and technology of dam and reservoir safety and reliability. They include adopting and adapting new methods, tools, and materials, as well as conducting and supporting scientific and engineering studies and experiments. Innovation and research can help you to optimize the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of dams and reservoirs, as well as to address the emerging challenges and opportunities, such as climate change, aging infrastructure, renewable energy, and social and environmental sustainability.

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David Jasinski

+110k followers | ??Geoengineering | Sheet Piling World | Personal Branding | North and Latin America
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The world of civil engineering is constantly evolving, with research paving the way for new methodologies, materials and technologies. Vinyl sheet piles themselves are a testament to such progress, offering an innovative alternative to traditional materials such as steel and wood. To ensure the safety of dams and reservoirs, engineers must keep up to date with the latest discoveries, incorporating the best and most appropriate developments into their designs. By emphasizing research and encouraging innovation, the field can adapt to new challenges and scenarios, ensuring that dams and reservoirs not only remain safe, but also environmentally friendly and profitable.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you keep dams and reservoirs safe and reliable?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Risk assessment

2 Design and construction

3 Operation and maintenance

4 Surveillance and monitoring

5 Emergency preparedness

6 Innovation and research

7 Here’s what else to consider

Civil Engineering

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How do you keep dams and reservoirs safe and reliable?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Risk assessment

2 Design and construction

3 Operation and maintenance

4 Surveillance and monitoring

5 Emergency preparedness

6 Innovation and research

7 Here’s what else to consider

Civil Engineering

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