How do you incorporate energy efficiency features in door and window specifications?

1 Materials and insulation

One of the first decisions you need to make is what materials to use for your doors and windows. Different materials have different environmental impacts, thermal properties, and maintenance requirements. For example, wood is a natural and renewable material, but it may need regular painting or staining to prevent decay. Metal is durable and recyclable, but it may conduct heat and cold more easily than other materials. Plastic is cheap and easy to install, but it may degrade over time and release harmful substances. Also consider the insulation value of the materials, which is measured by the U-factor. The lower the U-factor, the better the insulation. Look for materials that have a U-factor of 0.3 or less or use double or triple glazing to improve the insulation.

2 Orientation and shading

Another important factor is how doors and windows are oriented and shaded. The orientation affects how much solar heat gain and natural light your building receives, which can influence its heating and cooling needs and its indoor comfort. Aim to maximize the solar heat gain in winter and minimize it in summer by using the appropriate orientation, size, and shape of your doors and windows. For example, you can use larger windows on the south-facing walls and smaller windows on the east and west-facing walls. You should also use shading devices, such as awnings, blinds, or louvers, to control the amount of sunlight that enters your building. Make sure to specify the type, size, and location of the shading devices on your specification drawings.

3 Ventilation and air sealing

Another aspect to consider is how your doors and windows provide ventilation and air sealing. Ventilation is the process of exchanging indoor and outdoor air, which can improve air quality and reduce the humidity and pollutants in your building. Air sealing is the process of preventing air leakage through gaps and cracks, which can reduce heat loss and gain and improve the energy efficiency of your building. Design and specify doors and windows that allow adequate ventilation and air sealing, depending on the climate and the building type. For example, you can use operable windows that can be opened and closed as needed, or use passive ventilation systems that use natural forces, such as wind and stack effect, to move air through your building. You may also consider using weatherstripping, caulking, or gaskets to seal the edges and joints of your doors and windows and indicate the type and location of these materials on your specification drawings.

4 Certification and labeling

One way to ensure that your doors and windows meet the sustainability and energy efficiency standards and criteria is to look for certification and labeling programs that verify their performance and quality. There are various certification and labeling programs available, depending on the region, the market, and the product type. For example, some of the common programs are Energy Star, LEED, Green Seal, FSC, and Cradle to Cradle. These programs have different requirements and ratings for different aspects, such as energy use, emissions, materials, recycling, and health. Do your research and compare the different programs and choose the ones that suit your project goals and budget. Include the certification and labeling information on your specification drawings in order to communicate your design intent and expectations to the contractors and suppliers.

5 Maintenance and durability

The last aspect to consider is how your doors and windows will perform over time and how they will require maintenance and durability. Maintenance is the process of keeping your doors and windows in good condition and repairing any damages or defects. Durability is the ability of your doors and windows to resist wear and tear and to last for a long time. Design and specify doors and windows that are easy to maintain and that are durable in order to reduce the environmental impact and the life cycle cost of your building. For example, you can use materials that are resistant to corrosion, rot, insects, fire, and water damage, or you can use finishes that are protective and low-VOC. Also, make sure to specify the frequency and type of maintenance that your doors and windows will need, such as cleaning, lubricating, painting, or replacing parts.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?