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Last updated on 2024年8月2日

How do you facilitate effective group discussions and collaboration using Systems Thinking tools and methods?

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Systems Thinking is a way of understanding and solving complex problems by seeing how they are influenced by multiple factors, feedback loops, and interdependencies. It can help you and your group to avoid oversimplifying, jumping to conclusions, or blaming others. But how do you use Systems Thinking tools and methods to facilitate effective group discussions and collaboration? Here are some tips and examples to get you started.

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1 Identify the purpose and scope of the discussion

Before you dive into any Systems Thinking tool or method, you need to clarify the purpose and scope of the discussion with your group. What is the problem or issue you want to explore? What are the boundaries and assumptions you are making? What are the desired outcomes and criteria for success? Having a clear and shared understanding of these questions will help you to choose the most appropriate tool or method, and to avoid confusion or conflict later on.

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Mark Womersley CEng

Thinking in Systems to positively influence complex situations
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Clarifying the purpose and scope isn't really "before" Systems Thinking. It is a part of the way of thinking and there are tools and techniques within the field that help you do this. I would advocate for spending as much time defining and scoping the situation as you do trying to "solve" it. In most cases, complex problems cannot be solved but you can better understand how to influence them in a positive or desirable way.

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Bassel Daher

Assistant Director for Sustainable Development | Consultant | TEDx Speaker | Water Energy Food Health Nexus | Stakeholder Engagement | Network Building | Data Analytics | Governance
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In addition to clarifying the purpose and scope of the discussion, it is essential to involve all participants in the process. Engage the group members by encouraging their input and ensuring that their perspectives are heard and valued. This inclusivity fosters a sense of ownership and commitment among the participants, increasing the likelihood of effective collaboration. Furthermore, setting clear expectations for the discussion, such as establishing guidelines for respectful communication and active participation, can create a conducive environment for meaningful dialogue and collaboration.

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2 Use causal loop diagrams to map out the system

The use of a causal loop diagram is one of the most common and useful Systems Thinking tools. It is a visual representation of how different variables in a system affect each other. To create a causal loop diagram, you must identify the key variables relevant to the problem or issue, draw arrows to show the causal relationships, label the arrows with short phrases that describe the causal link, and identify the feedback loops in the diagram. Additionally, you should check the validity and completeness of the diagram and revise it as needed. This type of diagram can facilitate group discussions by asking members to contribute their ideas, perspectives, and evidence. Doing so can help build a shared understanding of the system and identify potential solutions and trade-offs.

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Chien-Chih Chen, CFA

Support People to Solve the Climate Problem with Financial Confidence.
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How do you facilitate effective group discussions and collaboration using Systems Thinking tools and methods? Effective communications are not about being concise, fast, and direct. It is about finding the most comfortable way for stakeholders to understand the message. Tools and methods help, as they can visualize the relationships, potential outcomes, and correlation or causation. Nonetheless, people should always be aware of conflicts of interest, different prioritizations, and the common ground we can achieve.

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3 Use systems archetypes to recognize patterns and behaviors

Systems Thinking tools, such as systems archetypes, can be incredibly useful. Systems archetypes are generic templates or models of common system structures and behaviors that help you to recognize patterns and behaviors that may be causing or contributing to a problem or issue. Examples of systems archetypes include Limits to Growth, Shifting the Burden, and Tragedy of the Commons. You can use these archetypes to facilitate group discussions by asking your group members to compare and contrast the problem or issue with the archetype, thereby revealing the underlying structure and behavior of the system. This can help generate insights and ideas for improvement while avoiding traps or pitfalls.

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4 Use systems games and simulations to experiment and learn

Systems Thinking tools can be useful, such as systems games and simulations, which are dynamic and interactive ways of representing and exploring a system. Through these games and simulations, you can experience the effects of feedback loops, delays, nonlinearity, and uncertainty in a system. Examples of these include the Beer game which shows how fluctuations in demand can create oscillations and backlogs in the system, World Climate which models the global climate system and the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, and Fish Banks which illustrates how overfishing can lead to collapse. Systems games and simulations can be utilized to facilitate group discussions by asking members to participate in the game or simulation, observe their decisions and outcomes, and develop a deeper understanding of the system. This way they can learn from their successes and mistakes.

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5 Use systems stories and metaphors to communicate and inspire

A fourth useful Systems Thinking tool is the systems story or metaphor, which is a narrative or analogy that captures and conveys the essence and meaning of a system. Systems stories and metaphors can help to communicate and inspire your group members and stakeholders, as well as appeal to their emotions and values. For example, you could use the story of the blind men and the elephant to illustrate how different people can have different perceptions of the same system. Or you could use the butterfly effect metaphor to show how a small change in one part of a system can have a large impact on another part. Additionally, the boiling frog metaphor warns how gradual changes in a system can go unnoticed until it reaches a critical point. You can facilitate group discussions by asking your group members to share their stories and metaphors about the system, to listen and appreciate each other's views and values. This can help create a common vision and purpose for the system, as well as motivate and mobilize action.

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Rod King, Ph.D.

Expert and Keynote Speaker on Fractal Grid (FG) Design Thinking; Inventor of the FRACTAL GRID NOTECARD (FGN) App/Platform
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Simply Mapping SYSTEM STORIES AND BUSINESS MODELS --- Many tools for modern startup and company development are not created within a systems thinking framework. Recent business tools such as the Business Model Canvas and Lean Canvas are no exceptions. Today, there's a simple "COPS System" framework that can be used to not only visually integrate business tools but also map system stories. COPS, which describes a minimum viable demand chain, is an acronym for: C - Customers O - Outputs (Products/Services) P - Performance (Benefit/Cost) S - Supplier A "COPS System" exists in visual formats ranging from simple (chain) to complex (tree/web/network). Any of these formats could be used to present systems stories that bring ideas to life.

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6 Use systems thinking habits and mindsets to foster collaboration

Finally, beyond using specific tools and methods, you need to cultivate systems thinking habits and mindsets in your group to foster collaboration and learning. Examples include seeking multiple perspectives, asking generative questions, thinking in loops, embracing complexity, and learning by doing. You can use these habits and mindsets to facilitate group discussions by modeling and encouraging these behaviors and attitudes in yourself and your group members, as well as providing feedback and support. This can help create a culture of collaboration and learning in your group, while also enhancing your systems thinking skills and capabilities.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Alexandra Moeser

Regenerative Brand Strategist | Transform into a regenerative brand.
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My favorite framework model for convening/group discussions is to activate the head and heart for a current company pain point. Framework = Question, Conversations, Report Outs/Action Items. In other words, 1. “Leader” asks an enrolling question. 2. Allow for group members to pause and reflect. 3. Leader has big group break out into smaller 1:1s 4. Whole Group convenes to share answers 5. Group members commit to an action item to implement answer to group leaders question

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How do you facilitate effective group discussions and collaboration using Systems Thinking tools and methods?

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1 Identify the purpose and scope of the discussion

2 Use causal loop diagrams to map out the system

3 Use systems archetypes to recognize patterns and behaviors

4 Use systems games and simulations to experiment and learn

5 Use systems stories and metaphors to communicate and inspire

6 Use systems thinking habits and mindsets to foster collaboration

7 Here’s what else to consider

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