DCS applications can have a positive or negative effect on the environment, depending on the nature and scale of the process or operation they control. For instance, they can help reduce energy consumption, emissions, and waste by optimizing process efficiency and performance. However, if they malfunction, are hacked, or are not properly maintained, they can cause environmental damage or pollution. In terms of air quality, DCS applications can monitor and control the emission of greenhouse gases, particulate matter, and other pollutants from industrial processes, power plants, and transportation systems. But if the DCS fails or is compromised, it can lead to excessive or unregulated emissions that harm the atmosphere and human health. Regarding water quality, DCS applications can manage the treatment, distribution, and consumption of water for various purposes. If the DCS is not functioning correctly or is breached it can cause water contamination, leakage, or wastage that affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. Lastly, for soil quality DCS applications can regulate the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals for agricultural production as well as the disposal of solid waste and hazardous materials. If the DCS is not reliable or is tampered with though it can result in soil degradation, erosion, or contamination that affect biodiversity and human health.