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How do you design accessible interfaces for users with disabilities?

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Designing accessible interfaces for users with disabilities is not only a legal and ethical obligation, but also a way to improve user experience and satisfaction for everyone. Accessibility means users can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the interface regardless of their abilities or devices. In this article, you will learn some of the best practices for creating accessible interfaces based on the principles of universal design, web standards, and user feedback.

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Andrew Hoover

Tech Geek, Maker and Systems Admin

1 Universal design

Universal design is an approach that aims to make products and environments usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. Universal design considers the diversity of human needs, and applies them to the design process from the start. Some of the benefits of universal design are that it reduces the need for separate solutions, enhances usability and inclusivity, and promotes innovation and creativity.

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Andrew Hoover

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I am new to designing for special circumstances and have found that I can't anticipate what will be needed since I don't live in that skin. To be effective, I must rely on those living their lives to tell me what they need and why. That being said, when at all possible, I design an interface to have as many broad features enabled on startup as is appropriate with a setup wizard to tailor the device to the user's needs. This may include an text to speech interface, haptics, proximity descriptions, clear text, high contrast, flash indication and short simple descriptions.

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2 Web standards

Web standards are guidelines that define how to create and deliver web content. Web standards ensure that web pages are compatible, consistent, and accessible across different browsers, devices, and platforms. One of the most important web standards for accessibility is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide a set of criteria and techniques to make web content accessible to people with disabilities. WCAG covers four principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust.

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3 User feedback

User feedback is essential for designing accessible interfaces, as it helps identify and address the needs and challenges of the target users. You can collect user feedback through methods such as surveys, interviews, usability testing, focus groups, and analytics. User feedback should involve users with disabilities and users without disabilities to ensure the interface is accessible and usable for everyone. User feedback should also be continuous and iterative, as the interface changes over time.

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Andrew Hoover

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I start with user requests and concerns. I ask what has worked for them in the past and more importantly, why they need what they need. I need to see the need through their experiences to understand the goal we need to achieve. During prototyping I sanity check my designs with the user asking some basic questions: Does this make sense? Without me giving you instruction, can you use the device? What did I get wrong and what did I get right? What did I miss? What is unnecessary or rarely needed?

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4 Text alternatives

Text alternatives are textual descriptions that convey the meaning of non-text content, such as images, audio, video, charts, and icons. Text alternatives are important for accessibility, as they enable users who cannot see or hear the non-text content to access the information and functionality of the interface. You can provide text alternatives attributes like alt, title, caption, transcript, and longdesc.

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Andrew Hoover

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As I build physical devices, some of these devices have a screen interface and some do not. A smart light switch for example needs to function as one would expect intuitively with extra features added simply. As for the set up for these kinds of devices, there needs to be options for haptic/audio/visual feedback as well as a simple wizard to get things setup. This wizard will depend on the device but I try to include more than one way stage the device. Obviously, in the case of a light switch, an electrician would be required for the installation but the setup would need to be accessible by the people using the device.

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5 Keyboard accessibility

Keyboard accessibility means the interface can be operated using only the keyboard, without the need for a mouse, touch screen, or other pointing device. Keyboard accessibility is enables users who cannot use a mouse or touch screen, such as users with motor impairments, low vision, or blindness, to interact with the interface. Achieve keyboard accessibility by ensuring all elements are reachable and focusable by the keyboard, the keyboard focus is visible and logical, and keyboard shortcuts are consistent and intuitive.

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6 Color contrast

Color contrast is the difference in brightness and hue between the foreground and background colors of the interface. Color contrast is important for accessibility, as it affects the readability and visibility of the text and graphical elements. You can measure color contrast by using a contrast ratio, which compares the relative luminance of the colors. The WCAG recommends a minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Andrew Hoover

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Aesthetics - One thing that I think people overlook with "accessible" devices is that the user likely also wants something that looks good or something that blends in with their environment in a pleasing way. "I don't want to live in a hospital or lab." Regardless of disability or atypical need, these are people with a sense of style and dignity. Make the device or system usable by all means but also try to make it look nice too.

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How do you design accessible interfaces for users with disabilities?

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1 Universal design

2 Web standards

3 User feedback

4 Text alternatives

5 Keyboard accessibility

6 Color contrast

7 Here’s what else to consider

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