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How do you decide when to use buses and sends vs direct routing in your audio projects?

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If you're working on an audio project, you might wonder how to best route your signals to achieve the sound you want. Routing is the process of sending audio from one point to another, such as from a track to an output, an effect, or a bus. In this article, we'll explain the difference between buses and sends vs direct routing, and how to decide when to use each method.

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David Fiori

Independent Music producer and mixing engineer, for Pop, indie pop rock, Hiphop, click my Link-tree to work with me

1 What are buses and sends?

Buses and sends are tools that allow you to group, blend, and process multiple audio signals together. A bus is a virtual channel that receives audio from one or more tracks, and can be routed to another destination, such as an output or an effect. A send is a copy of the audio signal from a track that is sent to a bus, without affecting the original signal. You can use buses and sends to create submixes, parallel effects, auxiliaries, and more.

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2 What is direct routing?

Direct routing is the simplest way of sending audio from one point to another, without using any buses or sends. For example, you can directly route a track to an output, or to an effect that is inserted on the track itself. Direct routing gives you more control and clarity over each individual signal, but it can also consume more CPU and limit your flexibility.

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David Fiori

Independent Music producer and mixing engineer, for Pop, indie pop rock, Hiphop, click my Link-tree to work with me
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First off if you use reaper, you absolutely never have to worry about CPU. Second there is no one answer for these topic . You listen to a song your given and you do what the song needs . Me personally, I always use groups ( busses) for all instruments vocals no buss and use a stand alone send tracks to dial in to taste what effects that will be on the vocals . Other than that it’s what the song needs , not necessarily what you want to do to it. Have to be open minded and conscious of what moves you were going to use when mixing a song whatever best serves this song!.

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3 When to use buses and sends?

Buses and sends can be useful when you want to apply the same effect or processing to multiple tracks, or when you want to blend different signals together. For instance, you can create a reverb bus to add ambience and depth to your mix, a parallel compression bus to add punch and loudness to your drums, an aux bus that feeds a sidechain compressor, and a submix bus that groups similar tracks together. You can also send different amounts of each track to the reverb bus, blend the parallel compression bus with the dry signal, send the tracks you want to duck under the compressor's input, and adjust the level and EQ of grouped tracks as a whole.

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Charles Watt

Program Director at Music Resource Center of Cincinnati (YMCA)
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I simply listen to what the song is calling for/needing based on my taste. There's not a "one size fits all" when it comes to workflows in composing music.

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4 When to use direct routing?

Direct routing is a great option when you need to keep signals separate or apply a special effect to one track. This technique can be used to route a track to a dedicated output, like a headphone mix or external device, as well as insert an effect on a track that is unique to its sound. Additionally, it can be used to route a track to a different bus than the rest of the tracks, such as a subwoofer or stem.

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5 How to choose the best routing method?

Choosing the best routing method for an audio project is subjective, as it depends on goals, preferences, and workflow. Experiment with different routing options and listen to the results. Buses and sends can save CPU, create cohesion, and add variety to a project, while direct routing can preserve CPU, create contrast, and isolate signals. Consider the purpose and function of each track, bus, and effect in your project to achieve your vision and intention. Ask yourself what you want to achieve with each element and how they relate to each other. This will help you make the right decision.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you decide when to use buses and sends vs direct routing in your audio projects?

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1 What are buses and sends?

2 What is direct routing?

3 When to use buses and sends?

4 When to use direct routing?

5 How to choose the best routing method?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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