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How do you create a GIS data model that works for everyone?

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A GIS data model is a way of organizing and representing geographic features and attributes in a database. It can help you store, analyze, and visualize spatial data for various purposes and applications. However, creating a GIS data model that works for everyone is not a simple task. You need to consider the needs and expectations of different users, the standards and best practices of your industry, and the technical limitations and capabilities of your software and hardware. In this article, you will learn some tips and steps to create a GIS data model that works for everyone.

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James Briggs

Some would say I'm a numbers guy...

1 Define your goals and scope

The first step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to define your goals and scope. What is the purpose of your data model? Who are your target users and stakeholders? What are their requirements and preferences? How will they access and use your data? What are the spatial and temporal extents of your data? What are the sources and quality of your data? Answering these questions will help you establish the objectives and boundaries of your data model, and avoid unnecessary complexity and confusion.

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James Briggs

Some would say I'm a numbers guy...
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Here are some key considerations within this step: 1. Clearly articulate project objectives 2. Identify the Data Requirements and the corresponding Data Sources, Formats, and Retrieval Processes. 3. Define the "Spatial Extent": Define the geographic area of interest. 4. Define the "Temporal Scope: Similarly, define the time frame and whether the model will need to account for changes over time. 5. Ensure to Engage with stakeholders and end-users to understand their specific expectations. 6. Review any Regulatory or Ethical Considerations.

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Carlos Gabriel Asato

Geoscience & Geospatial Information Project and Capability Building, Workgroup Coordination Specialist. Systemic Thinker
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El desarrollo de un capa de información geoespacial que sea apropiada para múltiples usos es un tema que está lleno de discusiones, en especial en el terreno de las IDE. Creo que un modelo de datos geoespacial debe dise?ado en términos de objeto usando herramientas como el UML. Para describir un objeto geoespacial no es suficiente pensar en términos de una estructura de datos plana o relacional, sino en términos de modelo de datos. Y esto nos lleva a pensar que una sola capa de información no es suficiente para modelar objetos complejos, sus relaciones y constraints espaciales. Por otro lado los datos que caracterizan al objeto y las unidades de dimensión debe ser univocamente caracterizados. Y también la escala es un importante constraint.

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2 Choose your data model type

The next step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to choose your data model type. There are three main types of GIS data models: vector, raster, and hybrid. Vector data models represent geographic features as points, lines, and polygons, with attributes stored in tables. Raster data models represent geographic features as cells or pixels, with values indicating the characteristics of each cell. Hybrid data models combine vector and raster data models, using one or the other depending on the nature of the feature. The choice of your data model type depends on the type and scale of your data, the level of detail and accuracy you need, and the analysis and visualization methods you want to apply.

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James Briggs

Some would say I'm a numbers guy...
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Factors Influencing Data Model Type Selection --- The decision on which data model type to use should be based on several factors: - Nature and Scale of Data - Detail and Accuracy - Analysis and Visualization Needs - Data Sources - End-User Requirements

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3 Design your data structure and schema

The third step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to design your data structure and schema. This involves deciding how to organize and group your data into layers, tables, fields, domains, and relationships. You should follow some general principles, such as using meaningful and consistent names, avoiding redundancy and duplication, using appropriate data types and formats, applying standards and conventions, and documenting your data structure and schema. You should also use tools and methods, such as conceptual, logical, and physical models, entity-relationship diagrams, UML diagrams, and metadata, to help you design and communicate your data structure and schema.

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James Briggs

Some would say I'm a numbers guy...
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1. Organize Data into Layers and Tables 2. Naming Conventions 3. Avoiding Redundancy and Duplication 4. Data Types and Formats 5. Standards and Conventions 6. Relationships 7. Documentation 8. Tools and Methods

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4 Implement your data model in a database

The fourth step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to implement your data model in a database. A database is a system that stores and manages your data in an organized and efficient way. There are different types of databases, such as relational, object-oriented, object-relational, and NoSQL databases, that have different advantages and disadvantages for GIS data. You should choose a database that suits your data model type, your data volume and complexity, your performance and security needs, and your software compatibility. You should also follow some best practices, such as normalizing your data, indexing your data, creating views and triggers, and backing up your data.

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5 Test and validate your data model

The fifth step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to test and validate your data model. This involves checking and verifying that your data model meets your goals and scope, your data model type, your data structure and schema, and your database implementation. You should use tools and methods, such as data quality checks, data validation rules, data integrity constraints, and data audits, to help you test and validate your data model. You should also solicit feedback and input from your users and stakeholders, and make adjustments and improvements as needed.

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6 Share and document your data model

The final step to create a GIS data model that works for everyone is to share and document your data model. This involves making your data model accessible and understandable to your users and stakeholders, and ensuring that they can use it effectively and efficiently. You should use tools and methods, such as data portals, web services, APIs, data catalogs, and metadata standards, to help you share your data model. You should also use tools and methods, such as data dictionaries, data models diagrams, data models reports, and data models manuals, to help you document your data model.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Lennert Pronk

O&G
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Try to implement it with 30+ geologists on a tight deadline and a high project turnover. Not gonna happen unfortunately.

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How do you create a GIS data model that works for everyone?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define your goals and scope

2 Choose your data model type

3 Design your data structure and schema

4 Implement your data model in a database

5 Test and validate your data model

6 Share and document your data model

7 Here’s what else to consider

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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How do you create a GIS data model that works for everyone?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define your goals and scope

2 Choose your data model type

3 Design your data structure and schema

4 Implement your data model in a database

5 Test and validate your data model

6 Share and document your data model

7 Here’s what else to consider

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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