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How do you control reservoir pressure and temperature?

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Reservoir pressure and temperature are two key factors that affect the production and recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface formations. Controlling them is essential for optimizing the performance and safety of petroleum engineering operations. In this article, you will learn about the main methods and challenges of reservoir pressure and temperature control, as well as some examples of their applications in different scenarios.

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1 Reservoir pressure control

Reservoir pressure is the force exerted by the fluids and gases in the pore spaces of the rock matrix, and it determines the flow rate, direction, and composition of the fluids. To control reservoir pressure, one must manipulate the balance between inflow and outflow of fluids. Common methods of reservoir pressure control include pressure maintenance, which involves injecting fluids to maintain or increase pressure; pressure depletion, which involves producing fluids from the reservoir at a faster rate than they are replaced; and pressure blowdown, which involves producing fluids from the reservoir at a very high rate. Pressure maintenance can enhance oil and gas recovery by displacing them towards production wells. Pressure depletion can improve gas recovery by reducing its viscosity and compressibility. Pressure blowdown can be used to recover gas from high-pressure reservoirs nearing their end of life or to test the reservoir's characteristics and potential.

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Frank Ashford

Retired Contract Instructor John M. Campbell & Co.
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Additional aspects of a reservoirs pressure, may be denominated as Pe, or the SIBHP. SHUT IN BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE (psi / kPa). If objective is to keep current or higher pressures, the following field aspects are important : 1) the reservoir pressure at saturated conditions or above this will produce oil , and depending on drawdown , also solution gas. This is measured in SCF/Bbl. With a gas cap the reservoir produced gas may be reinjected above gas/oil contact. 2) A wells productivity index is PI : BOPD / (Pe - Pwf), is essential to determine by flow testing. 2) to accomplish a wells Pe at high levels , and adjacent well May be designated as water injection well 3) if producing from OIL ZONE , gas injection may be considered

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Brian Buchanan

Chief Technical Advisor at Davinci E&P
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As an Engineer that has spent too much of his life in thermal recovery, Here's an idea for managing the temperature and pressure of an oil or condensate zone, Start a low rate fireflood down in the liquid hydrocarbon leg of the reservoir. Make sure to use O2 not air as the injectant as N2 from the air is a pain in the a$$ to remove from the gas stream and CO2 is a lot easier to strip out. The pressure of the reservoir will now be dependent on all or your original variables plus; O2 injection rate, the conversion of liquid hydrocarbons to CO2 and the increase in temperature. Looked at piloting this process at Elk Hills years ago. The final project that was implemented was N2 injection. That's how I know about the removal of N2 from gas.

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2 Reservoir temperature control

Reservoir temperature is the measure of the heat energy in the fluids and gases in the reservoir, impacting viscosity, density, phase behavior of the fluids, as well as rock properties and geomechanical stability. To control this temperature, modifications can be made to the heat transfer between the reservoir and its environment, either naturally or artificially. Common methods of temperature control include thermal recovery, thermal stimulation, and thermal management. Thermal recovery involves injecting heat such as steam or hot water into the reservoir to increase temperature and reduce viscosity of heavy oil or bitumen. Thermal stimulation applies heat such as electrical or microwave energy to create fractures or cracks in the rock matrix. Thermal management regulates temperature of fluids entering or exiting the reservoir to prevent thermal shocks or damage. All these methods can help protect the integrity and longevity of the reservoir and wellbore by avoiding thermal expansion, contraction, or stress.

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3 Challenges and solutions

Controlling reservoir pressure and temperature is a complex task, as it involves physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact with the reservoir's heterogeneity and dynamics. Careful planning, monitoring, and evaluation are essential to achieve the optimal balance between the costs and benefits of each method. Uncertainty and risk can be mitigated through reservoir simulation, modeling, and testing. Environmental and social impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, land use, and community engagement need to be addressed through strategies such as carbon capture and storage, water recycling, land reclamation, and stakeholder consultation. Additionally, reservoir pressure and temperature control can offer opportunities for innovation and optimization through new technologies or materials that can improve performance and profitability. Sources such as research and development, collaboration, and experimentation can help identify the best solutions for each reservoir.

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Tahir Chisti MASc.

Driving Scalable CCS, H2 UHS Solutions & Geothermal Energy | Low-Carbon Energy Expert | Decarbonization & Energy Transition Advocate | Reservoir & Storage Specialist | Advancing New Energy Technologies (NET)
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one of the major challenge is Water and Gas Coning; In some reservoirs, water and gas may cone into the wellbore during production. Managing this coning behavior is essential to avoid premature water or gas breakthrough and maintain pressure. solution might be in many cases is use of selective perforation techniques to control the influx of unwanted fluids. By perforating only in the desired production zones, you can limit the entry of water or gas into the wellbore.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you control reservoir pressure and temperature?

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1 Reservoir pressure control

2 Reservoir temperature control

3 Challenges and solutions

4 Here’s what else to consider

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