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How do you conduct a web accessibility audit using WCAG guidelines?

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Web accessibility is the practice of making websites usable and accessible for people with disabilities, such as visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments. Web accessibility also benefits other users, such as older people, people with low bandwidth, or people using different devices. In this article, you will learn how to test web accessibility and WCAG in the context of quality assurance.

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Stephen Etheridge

Senior Product Manager | B2C / B2B SaaS | Product-Led Growth
Alicia Jarvis, CPACC, CSM

Senior Product Manager, Accessibility Portfolio at Bell | Employee Resource Group Founding Chair | Diversity, Equity &…
Reena N.

Director Consultant Expert @ CGI | Digital Accessibility

1 What is WCAG?

WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, a set of standards and recommendations developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure that web content is accessible for everyone. WCAG covers four principles of accessibility: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. Each principle has a number of guidelines, success criteria, and techniques to help web developers and testers implement accessibility features and check for accessibility issues.

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Stephen Etheridge

Senior Product Manager | B2C / B2B SaaS | Product-Led Growth
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While WCAG was built for web, many principles can be applied to auditing and designing software. In the absence of software-specific guidelines, I have found that WCAG is a good blueprint to follow.

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2 How to plan a web accessibility audit?

A web accessibility audit is a systematic evaluation of a website's compliance with WCAG and other accessibility best practices. A web accessibility audit can help you identify and fix accessibility problems, improve user experience, and avoid legal risks. To plan a web accessibility audit, you need to define the scope, goals, and methods of the audit. For example, you need to decide which pages, features, and user scenarios to test, what level of WCAG compliance to aim for, and what tools and techniques to use.

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Alicia Jarvis, CPACC, CSM

Senior Product Manager, Accessibility Portfolio at Bell | Employee Resource Group Founding Chair | Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Researcher & Strategist | Award-winning Inclusive Designer | Board Member
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Planning an Accessibility audit is very similar to creating any test plan or testing strategy. You should describe the scope of your audit, how the website will be audited and who will be involved.

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Stephen Etheridge

Senior Product Manager | B2C / B2B SaaS | Product-Led Growth
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For large projects, particularly when starting from zero, an accessibility specialist can provide invaluable guidance in guidelines interpretation, conducting and recruiting for user tests, solving issues and building accessibility design into your companies procedures for user experience and content design.

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3 How to use automated tools for web accessibility testing?

Automated tools are software applications or browser extensions that can scan and analyze web pages for accessibility issues, such as missing alt text, low contrast, or keyboard traps. Automated tools can help you save time and detect common accessibility errors, but they cannot catch all the issues or evaluate the usability and functionality of the website. Therefore, you should always complement automated testing with manual testing and user testing. Some examples of automated tools are WAVE, axe, and Lighthouse.

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Reena N.

Director Consultant Expert @ CGI | Digital Accessibility
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I would always suggest to start testing using automated tools like Axe, WAVE etc., so that we can catch some common issues quickly and would need to check for false positives. Also, one thing to keep in mind is that automated tools can only catch 30-40% of the issues and companies should not be dependent on that alone. Accessibility testing required manual intervention always, so it needs to be a mix of automated and manual testing. I have seen big SaaS companies claiming they are compliant using automated tools alone but when tested manually we found a lot many issues in the product.

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4 How to use manual techniques for web accessibility testing?

Manual techniques are methods that require human judgment and interaction to test web accessibility, such as inspecting the code, using the keyboard, or changing the browser settings. Manual techniques can help you check for accessibility issues that automated tools cannot detect, such as logical order, clear labels, or consistent navigation. Manual techniques also allow you to test the website from different perspectives and contexts, such as using a screen reader, a magnifier, or a different device.

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Reena N.

Director Consultant Expert @ CGI | Digital Accessibility
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Manual testing is a must for sure as automated would not catch all issues. I also encourage using bookmarklets as they help make testing easier and faster. Zoom is one huge example for manual testing as it is important to test both 200% (WCAG 2.0) and 400% (WCAG 2.1) as both of them have a little different requirements.

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5 How to use user testing for web accessibility testing?

User testing is the process of involving real or representative users in testing the website for accessibility, usability, and satisfaction. User testing can help you evaluate how well the website meets the needs and expectations of people with disabilities, and how they interact with the website using different assistive technologies, such as screen readers, voice input, or switch devices. User testing can also provide you with valuable feedback and insights on how to improve the website's accessibility and user experience.

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6 How to report and fix web accessibility issues?

After conducting a web accessibility audit, you need to report and fix the accessibility issues that you found. A web accessibility report is a document that summarizes the results of the audit, identifies the accessibility problems, and provides recommendations and solutions for fixing them. A web accessibility report should be clear, concise, and actionable, and follow a consistent format and structure. To fix the accessibility issues, you need to follow the WCAG guidelines and techniques, and test the website again to ensure that the issues are resolved.

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Reena N.

Director Consultant Expert @ CGI | Digital Accessibility
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Audit reports are very important and the way you put it across to the team along with the WCAG success criteria is another important aspect. In an audit we need to follow all steps like ? Issue summary ? Page it was found while testing and environment used ? Actual results ? Expected results ? WCAG success criteria reference ? Resources for the development team to resolve the issue

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How do you conduct a web accessibility audit using WCAG guidelines?

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1 What is WCAG?

2 How to plan a web accessibility audit?

3 How to use automated tools for web accessibility testing?

4 How to use manual techniques for web accessibility testing?

5 How to use user testing for web accessibility testing?

6 How to report and fix web accessibility issues?

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How do you conduct a web accessibility audit using WCAG guidelines?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is WCAG?

2 How to plan a web accessibility audit?

3 How to use automated tools for web accessibility testing?

4 How to use manual techniques for web accessibility testing?

5 How to use user testing for web accessibility testing?

6 How to report and fix web accessibility issues?

Quality Assurance

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