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Last updated on 2025年1月30日

How do you compare and contrast idempotent methods in REST with other web service paradigms?

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Idempotent methods are one of the key principles of RESTful web services, but what exactly do they mean and how do they differ from other web service paradigms? In this article, you will learn what idempotency is, why it is important for REST, and how it compares and contrasts with SOAP and RPC.

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1 What is idempotency?

Idempotency is the property of an operation that can be performed multiple times without changing the outcome or the state of the system. For example, deleting a resource is idempotent, because deleting it once or several times does not affect the result or the system. On the other hand, incrementing a counter is not idempotent, because each time it changes the value and the state of the counter. In web services, idempotency is relevant for HTTP methods, such as GET, PUT, DELETE, and PATCH, that are used to manipulate resources on a server.

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2 Why is idempotency important for REST?

REST stands for Representational State Transfer, and it is an architectural style for designing web services that are based on the uniform interface of HTTP. The uniform interface consists of four constraints: identification of resources, manipulation of resources through representations, self-descriptive messages, and hypermedia as the engine of application state. Idempotency is one of the aspects of self-descriptive messages, as it indicates how the server should handle repeated requests with the same method and resource. Idempotency ensures that the server is consistent and reliable, and that the client does not have to worry about duplicate or conflicting requests.

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Navya Valivati

Open to opportunities | MS CS at Missouri S&T | Graduate Teaching Assistant | Software Development Engineer | Quality Assurance Engineer Intern
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Idempotency plays an important role in REST APIs to ensure safe and predictable operations, especially in scenarios where network failures or retries occur. It guarantees that making the same request multiple times produces the same result, preventing unintended side effects such as duplicate transactions or inconsistent data states. HTTP methods like GET, PUT, and DELETE are naturally idempotent, while POST may require additional mechanisms, such as unique request identifiers, to maintain idempotency. This principle is very essential to design a most reliable API which ensures consistency, fault tolerance.

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3 How does idempotency compare with SOAP?

SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol, and it is a protocol for exchanging structured messages between web services. SOAP messages are based on XML and can use any transport protocol, such as HTTP, SMTP, or TCP. SOAP does not have a concept of idempotency, as it does not define a standard set of methods or operations for manipulating resources. Instead, SOAP relies on the application logic and the transport protocol to handle repeated requests. For example, if a SOAP message is sent over HTTP, the HTTP method can indicate whether the request is idempotent or not, but if it is sent over TCP, there is no such indication.

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jaya Krishna tummala ,MS, CSM

Award Winning Senior Functional Quality Assurance|BSA|SAP QA|Safe 6.0 Agilist|Sigma Xi Full Member|IEEE Senior Member|Fellow IETE|Author
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SOAP can use various transport protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and TCP, but the behavior and capabilities of SOAP messages can vary depending on the chosen transport. For instance, the handling of request idempotency may depend on the transport layer, which can introduce inconsistencies.

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4 How does idempotency contrast with RPC?

RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call, and it is a paradigm for invoking functions or procedures on remote servers. RPC can use different formats and protocols, such as JSON-RPC, XML-RPC, or gRPC, to encode and transport the requests and responses. RPC does not have a concept of idempotency either, as it does not define a standard set of functions or procedures for manipulating resources. Instead, RPC relies on the application logic and the transport protocol to handle repeated requests. For example, if a RPC request is sent over HTTP, the HTTP method can indicate whether the request is idempotent or not, but if it is sent over TCP, there is no such indication.

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5 How to design idempotent methods in REST?

To design idempotent methods in REST, you need to follow some best practices and conventions. First, you need to use the appropriate HTTP methods for your operations, such as GET for retrieving, PUT for updating or creating, DELETE for deleting, and PATCH for modifying. Second, you need to use unique and consistent identifiers for your resources, such as URIs or UUIDs, so that repeated requests can be matched to the same resource. Third, you need to use conditional headers, such as If-Match or If-None-Match, to prevent concurrent updates or stale reads. Fourth, you need to use status codes, such as 200 OK, 201 Created, 204 No Content, or 409 Conflict, to indicate the outcome of your requests.

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Saumesh Kumar

Engineering Leader
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There are different opinions on usage of POST and PUT. Some engineers prefers POST to create/partially-update resource state. And PUT to replace existing state with new one.

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6 What are the benefits and challenges of idempotent methods in REST?

Idempotent methods in REST provide several benefits and challenges for web service development and consumption. These methods can improve performance and scalability on the server, enhance reliability on the client, and simplify testing and debugging of the web service. However, careful design and implementation is necessary to ensure operations are truly idempotent, as well as clear documentation and communication of the web service to specify which methods are idempotent. Additionally, there may be some trade-offs and limitations of the web service if it cannot support complex or stateful operations that are not idempotent.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you compare and contrast idempotent methods in REST with other web service paradigms?

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1 What is idempotency?

2 Why is idempotency important for REST?

3 How does idempotency compare with SOAP?

4 How does idempotency contrast with RPC?

5 How to design idempotent methods in REST?

6 What are the benefits and challenges of idempotent methods in REST?

7 Here’s what else to consider

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