How do you choose the best routing protocol for your ad hoc network?

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An ad hoc network is a wireless network that does not rely on any fixed infrastructure, such as routers or access points. Instead, the nodes in the network communicate directly with each other and dynamically adjust their routes based on the network conditions. This makes ad hoc networks suitable for scenarios where the deployment of a conventional network is impractical, such as disaster relief, military operations, or vehicular networks.

However, ad hoc networks also pose some challenges, such as limited bandwidth, high mobility, and frequent link failures. Therefore, choosing the right routing protocol for your ad hoc network is crucial to ensure its performance, reliability, and security. In this article, we will explain the main types of routing protocols for ad hoc networks and how to evaluate them based on some key criteria.

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Christopher Taylor

1 Proactive protocols

Proactive protocols, also known as table-driven protocols, maintain up-to-date routing tables for all the nodes in the network. They use periodic or triggered updates to exchange routing information among the nodes. Some examples of proactive protocols are Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), and Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (CBRP).

The advantage of proactive protocols is that they can provide low latency and consistent routes for data transmission. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as high overhead, frequent updates, and scalability issues. Proactive protocols may not be suitable for large or highly dynamic networks, where the routing tables may become outdated or inconsistent quickly.

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Moreover, generally speaking, proactive routing protocols may be more vulnerable to cyberattacks due to their continuous exchange of routing information, making them susceptible to attacks such as the dissemination of false routing information.

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2 Reactive protocols

Reactive protocols, also known as on-demand protocols, do not maintain routing tables for all the nodes in the network. Instead, they initiate a route discovery process only when a node needs to send data to another node. They use techniques such as flooding, expanding ring search, or caching to find the best route. Some examples of reactive protocols are Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA).

The advantage of reactive protocols is that they can reduce the overhead and adapt to the network changes more efficiently. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as high latency, route discovery delay, and congestion. Reactive protocols may not be suitable for networks with high traffic or frequent communication, where the route discovery process may consume too much bandwidth or energy.

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Christopher Taylor
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From a cybersecurity perspective, reactive protocols may have built-in security features or have been designed with security considerations in mind. For example, Secure AODV (SAODV) and Secure DSR (SDSR) are extensions of the AODV and DSR reactive routing protocols that incorporate security mechanisms to protect the routing process from malicious attacks. These extensions introduce cryptographic techniques, such as digital signatures and hash chains, to secure the route discovery and maintenance processes.

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3 Hybrid protocols

Hybrid protocols, as the name suggests, combine the features of both proactive and reactive protocols. They use a hierarchical structure to divide the network into zones or clusters, and apply different routing strategies for different levels. For example, they may use proactive protocols within a zone and reactive protocols between zones. Some examples of hybrid protocols are Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP), and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP).

The advantage of hybrid protocols is that they can balance the trade-offs between proactive and reactive protocols and achieve better performance in terms of overhead, latency, and scalability. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as complexity, overhead, and coordination. Hybrid protocols may not be suitable for networks with heterogeneous or irregular topology, where the zone or cluster formation may be difficult or inefficient.

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4 Evaluation criteria

When selecting the best routing protocol for your ad hoc network, you need to consider factors that may affect your network performance, such as network size and density, mobility and topology, traffic and communication, and security and privacy. The number and distribution of nodes, the speed and direction of node movement, the frequency and volume of data transmission, and the level and type of threats and attacks can all influence the routing overhead, latency, scalability, route stability, reliability, adaptability, route discovery, congestion, energy consumption, route integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the protocols. Depending on your network scenario and application, you may have different priorities and preferences for these factors, so you should compare and contrast the routing protocols and select the one that best suits your network needs and goals.

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How do you choose the best routing protocol for your ad hoc network?

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1 Proactive protocols

2 Reactive protocols

3 Hybrid protocols

4 Evaluation criteria

Communication

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How do you choose the best routing protocol for your ad hoc network?

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1 Proactive protocols

2 Reactive protocols

3 Hybrid protocols

4 Evaluation criteria

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