How do you choose the best pile load test method for your project?

2 Test objectives

The second factor to consider is the test objectives, such as the purpose, scope, and accuracy of the test. These factors will affect the choice of the test method, the loading procedure, and the interpretation of the results. For example, if you need to verify the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile, you may need a static load test with a maintained or incremental loading scheme and a failure criterion. If you need to estimate the settlement of the pile, you may need a static load test with a constant rate of penetration scheme and a settlement prediction model.

3 Test advantages

The third factor to consider is the test advantages, such as the reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of the test. These factors will affect the feasibility and suitability of the test method for your project. For example, if you need a reliable and accurate test, you may prefer a static load test over a dynamic load test, as the former can directly measure the pile-soil interaction and the load-settlement behavior. If you need an efficient and economical test, you may prefer a dynamic load test over a static load test, as the latter can require more time, labor, and resources.

4 Static load tests

Static load tests are the most common and reliable pile load test methods, as they can directly apply and measure the axial load and settlement of the pile. There are two main types of static load tests: top-down and bi-directional. Top-down static load tests apply the load at the pile head using a reaction system, such as a kentledge, an anchor pile, or a reaction beam. Bi-directional static load tests apply the load at one or more levels within the pile using a hydraulic jack and a sacrificial steel plate.

5 Dynamic load tests

Dynamic load tests are alternative and efficient pile load test methods, as they can indirectly estimate the axial load and settlement of the pile using the wave equation theory. There are two main types of dynamic load tests: high-strain and low-strain. High-strain dynamic load tests apply a dynamic load at the pile head using a drop hammer or a hydraulic hammer. Low-strain dynamic load tests apply a low-strain impact at the pile head using a hand-held hammer or an instrumented hammer.

6 Other load tests

Other load tests are special and supplementary pile load test methods, as they can address specific aspects or limitations of the pile behavior. There are several types of other load tests, such as lateral load tests, cyclic load tests, thermal load tests, and integrity tests. Lateral load tests apply and measure the horizontal load and deflection of the pile. Cyclic load tests apply and measure the repeated load and settlement of the pile. Thermal load tests apply and measure the temperature and strain of the pile. Integrity tests assess the continuity and quality of the pile.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?