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How do you build resilience and prevent secondary stress in your team?

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If you work in a crisis situation, such as emergency response, disaster relief, or trauma counseling, you know how stressful and demanding it can be. You also know how important it is to take care of yourself and your team, to avoid burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress. These are the negative effects of being exposed to other people's trauma and suffering, which can impair your physical, mental, and emotional health. In this article, you will learn how to build resilience and prevent secondary stress in your team, using the principles and practices of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM).

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Brad Miller

Marriage Coach & Mentor at Tandem Marriage. We have helped thousands of couples learn how to have the marriage they’ve…

1 What is CISM?

CISM is a comprehensive and integrated system of crisis intervention and support, designed to help people cope with the impact of traumatic events. CISM is based on the assumption that most people are resilient and can recover from stress, but sometimes they need assistance and guidance to do so. CISM aims to reduce the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological problems, by providing timely, appropriate, and respectful interventions. CISM is not a form of therapy, but a set of tools and techniques that can be applied by trained professionals or peers.

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2 How can CISM help your team?

CISM can provide your team with various interventions depending on the type and severity of the crisis, the needs and preferences of the individuals, and the resources and protocols available. Pre-incident education and training can help prepare your team for potential stressors and challenges they may face, as well as teaching them coping skills and self-care strategies. Demobilization is a brief and informal group session, held after a long or difficult shift, to allow your team to relax, decompress, and share their experiences. Defusing is a short and structured group session provided within hours of a critical incident to provide emotional support, information, and referrals. Debriefing is a longer and more formal group session held within days of a critical incident to facilitate your team's processing, understanding, and learning from the event. Follow-up and referral involves monitoring your team's well-being and recovery, as well as providing them with additional resources and services if needed.

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Brad Miller

Marriage Coach & Mentor at Tandem Marriage. We have helped thousands of couples learn how to have the marriage they’ve always dreamed of and we can show you too! Check out all of the great resources on our website.
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I have had the privilege of facilitating a number of CISM Debriefing sessions during my career as a first responder. The goal of any successful Debriefing should be to include any and all persons involved in an incident because each person may hold an important “puzzle piece” of the incident that is only known to them. As it turns out, these puzzle pieces come together to form a more complete picture at a Debriefing as each person shares their involvement and their insights. The majority of times this happens, participants discover the “missing pieces” for them that allow them to process the incident and make sense of the details.

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3 What are the benefits of CISM for your team?

CISM can provide many advantages for your team, such as improving their sense of safety and security, reducing distress and anxiety, and increasing their confidence and competence. Additionally, CISM can strengthen their cohesion, communication, and collaboration; promote their growth, adaptation and resilience; and ultimately reduce guilt.

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4 How can you implement CISM in your team?

To implement CISM in your team, you need to assess the needs and readiness for CISM, develop a plan and policy, identify and train facilitators and coordinators, establish a network and partnership with other agencies, and evaluate and improve your CISM program and practice.

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5 How can you support your team's resilience and self-care?

In addition to CISM interventions, you can support your team's resilience and self-care by listening attentively and empathically, validating their reactions and responses, acknowledging their strengths and achievements, appreciating their efforts and contributions, empowering them to make their own decisions and choices, respecting their boundaries and limits, offering practical and emotional assistance, reminding them of their values and goals, and inspiring them to find meaning and purpose. It is important to do all of these things without judgment, pressure, minimizing, comparison, exaggeration, patronizing, taking for granted or exploiting, imposing control, violating or overstepping boundaries, interfering or enabling, lecturing or preaching, or manipulating.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Critical Incident Stress Management

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How do you build resilience and prevent secondary stress in your team?

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1 What is CISM?

2 How can CISM help your team?

3 What are the benefits of CISM for your team?

4 How can you implement CISM in your team?

5 How can you support your team's resilience and self-care?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Critical Incident Stress Management

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