How do you avoid over-punishing or under-rewarding players for their actions?

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One of the most challenging aspects of game design is creating a balanced and engaging reward and punishment system. How do you motivate players to pursue your goals, learn from their mistakes, and feel satisfied with their outcomes? How do you avoid over-punishing or under-rewarding players for their actions? In this article, we will explore some best practices for designing effective reward and punishment systems in games.

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G?khan üzmez

Game Content Creator | xZynga-Rollic | Product Manager / Business Development Manager | Game Prototyping & Strategy…
Dan McCreadie

Game Director @ Outright Games | BAFTA Full Member
Alaa El-Bayumi

Game Designer and Developer

1 Define your objectives

Before you decide how to reward or punish players, you need to define what you want them to achieve and why. What are the core mechanics, skills, and strategies that you want players to master? What are the desired behaviors, attitudes, and emotions that you want players to experience? How do you measure and communicate progress and feedback? By clarifying your objectives, you can align your reward and punishment system with your game design vision and values.

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G?khan üzmez

Game Content Creator | xZynga-Rollic | Product Manager / Business Development Manager | Game Prototyping & Strategy Growth |
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That depends on your in game economy. Reverse engineer to see if your players are staying in the game after a core loop combat or interaction, or if they are claiming what you reward them. Same thing with a loss, are they staying for a second session after a defeat? Increase - Decrease rewards and punishment accordingly Albion Online Hell Gates, a PvPvE dungeon is a great example. Literally perfect scenario to see how things are working on this matter.

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Maurício Piccini

Programador com Doutorado em Literatura | Escrita, Revis?o, Storytelling | Gamifica??o | Compreens?o Leitora
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Um ótimo exemplo de como recompensas e puni??es impactam a experiência do jogador é o gênero soulslike. Esses jogos geralmente recompensam a paciência e o tempo dedicado ao aprendizado dos padr?es de ataque dos inimigos, punindo severamente a pressa e a falta de aten??o. Essa puni??o geralmente vem na forma de perder todo o progresso ou recursos coletados ao morrer, incentivando assim o jogador a adotar uma abordagem mais cautelosa e estratégica.

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2 Consider your audience

Different players have different preferences, motivations, and expectations when it comes to reward and punishment systems. Some players enjoy challenging and competitive games that test their skills and reward them for excellence. Others prefer casual and relaxing games that offer them freedom and variety and reward them for exploration. Some players respond well to positive reinforcement and intrinsic rewards, such as mastery, autonomy, and purpose. Others need external incentives and extrinsic rewards, such as points, badges, and rankings. By considering your target audience, you can tailor your reward and punishment system to suit their needs and wants.

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Dan McCreadie

Game Director @ Outright Games | BAFTA Full Member
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The audience will of course differ for each game, but foundation I like to begin with a fairness. If a system demonstrates fairness in how it's presented to the player and how challenge and rewards are granted this is something players will be able appreciate. Fairness is of course subjective, I would look to reduce any barriers that could get in the way of a players game experience. If the player feels the game isn't cheating them, it's a great start to build engagement.

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Richard 'Dok' Washington
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yea a player should be able to contest certain rules and if the majority votes to allow a requested change or reverse a certain rule, then the developers should be given the task of submitting their ideas, and the players, if interested can vote and the developers earn or lose the right to develop in a certain way.

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Maurício Piccini

Programador com Doutorado em Literatura | Escrita, Revis?o, Storytelling | Gamifica??o | Compreens?o Leitora
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Um exemplo prático da diferen?a entre jogadores pode ser visto em jogos de RPG. Alguns jogadores podem valorizar a progress?o vertical, onde recompensas como equipamentos poderosos os tornam quantitativamente superiores, enquanto outros podem preferir uma progress?o horizontal, onde novas habilidades mudam a maneira de jogar, oferecendo uma sensa??o de progress?o qualitativa. Ao invés de focar apenas em recompensas, pense em como diferentes tipos de progress?o podem atrair jogadores com diferentes motiva??es. Isso pode se traduzir em um sistema de classes e especializa??es, onde a progress?o vertical e horizontal s?o entrela?adas, oferecendo op??es para ambos os tipos de jogadores.

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3 Balance risk and reward

A key principle of reward and punishment systems is to balance risk and reward. Players should feel that their actions have meaningful consequences, but also that they have a fair chance of success and failure. Too much risk can discourage players from trying new things or taking on challenges. Too much reward can diminish the value and excitement of achieving goals or overcoming obstacles. By balancing risk and reward, you can create a dynamic and rewarding game experience that encourages players to experiment, learn, and improve.

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Alaa El-Bayumi

Game Designer and Developer
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Play testing and user analytics are key to understand why the situation is "unbalanced" in the first place, before attempting to "balance" it.

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Maurício Piccini

Programador com Doutorado em Literatura | Escrita, Revis?o, Storytelling | Gamifica??o | Compreens?o Leitora
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Por exemplo, em um jogo de plataforma, um baú visível no topo de uma torre pode conter uma poderosa espada. O risco, no caso, seria escalar a torre repleta de armadilhas e inimigos. A recompensa seria a espada, capaz de facilitar o progresso do jogador. Ajustar a dificuldade das armadilhas e o poder da espada seria a chave para equilibrar o risco e a recompensa, incentivando o jogador a se desafiar sem torná-lo impossível ou fácil demais.

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Tommy Foo

Gaming | Project Manager | Community Builder | Social Media Manager | Data Analyst | Voice of indie games | #OpenToNetwork
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Different games, different players have variable form of risks and rewards that motivates them, you'll need to observe behavior closely to understand where that interest point would be, using operant conditioning to study how different types of predictable rewards affect behavior is a method. When planning rewards, think along the schedules, how rewards get generated over time based on some chosen principles. Also consider the workload of it, how much effort does the player need to invest to obtain the reward.

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4 Vary your rewards and punishments

Another important principle of reward and punishment systems is to vary your rewards and punishments. Players can get bored or frustrated if they receive the same rewards or punishments for every action or outcome. By varying your rewards and punishments, you can create a sense of surprise, curiosity, and anticipation in players. You can also use different types of rewards and punishments, such as tangible, intangible, social, or personal, to appeal to different aspects of player psychology. For example, you can reward players with items, currency, or power-ups; with praise, feedback, or recognition; with social interaction, cooperation, or competition; or with personal growth, achievement, or satisfaction.

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Maurício Piccini

Programador com Doutorado em Literatura | Escrita, Revis?o, Storytelling | Gamifica??o | Compreens?o Leitora
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Um exemplo prático da estratégia de "variar recompensas" pode ser visto em jogos do gênero RPG. Imagine que, ao derrotar um inimigo comum, o jogador receba aleatoriamente uma pequena quantidade de experiência, ouro ou, com chances menores, uma po??o de cura. No entanto, ao derrotar um chefe, a recompensa se torna mais impactante e memorável: um aumento significativo de experiência, um item raro com atributos únicos e a possibilidade de desbloquear uma nova habilidade. Essa varia??o estratégica contribui para manter o jogador engajado, explorando o mundo do jogo em busca de desafios e recompensas cada vez mais gratificantes.

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5 Adapt to player performance

A final best practice for reward and punishment systems is to adapt to player performance. Players have different levels of skill, experience, and interest in your game. If your reward and punishment system is too easy or too hard, it can cause boredom or frustration in players. By adapting your reward and punishment system to player performance, you can create a customized and optimal game experience for each player. You can use techniques such as difficulty adjustment, adaptive feedback, or dynamic rewards and punishments to match the challenge and reward level to the player's ability and progress.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you avoid over-punishing or under-rewarding players for their actions?

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1 Define your objectives

2 Consider your audience

3 Balance risk and reward

4 Vary your rewards and punishments

5 Adapt to player performance

6 Here’s what else to consider

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