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How do you apply the ALARP principle and risk matrix in DP risk assessment?

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Dynamic positioning (DP) is a skill that enables vessels to maintain their position and heading using thrusters and propellers. DP is essential for many offshore operations, such as drilling, diving, surveying, and construction. However, DP also involves various risks, such as loss of position, collision, environmental damage, and injury to personnel. Therefore, DP operators need to conduct risk assessments to identify, evaluate, and control the hazards associated with their activities.

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Szymon Sporny

Marine Coordinator @ Baltic Power OWF

1 ALARP principle

ALARP stands for As Low As Reasonably Practicable, and it is a principle that guides the decision-making process in risk management. ALARP means that the level of risk should be reduced to the lowest possible level, taking into account the costs, benefits, and feasibility of the risk reduction measures. ALARP does not mean that all risks should be eliminated, as this may be impossible or impractical. Rather, ALARP means that the risks should be balanced against the benefits of the operation, and that the residual risks should be acceptable and tolerable.

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Szymon Sporny

Marine Coordinator @ Baltic Power OWF
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"ALARP" is short for "as low as reasonably practicable". A process for assessing the amount of effort and resources that should reasonably be applied to reduce risk. Reducing a risk to a level which is ALARP involves objectively determining the balance where the effort and cost of further reduction measures become disproportionate to the additional amount of risk reduction obtained.

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2 Risk matrix

A risk matrix is a tool that helps to assess and prioritize the risks based on their likelihood and consequence. A risk matrix typically consists of a grid with different colors or symbols to indicate the level of risk. For example, a common risk matrix may have five levels of likelihood (rare, unlikely, possible, likely, almost certain) and five levels of consequence (insignificant, minor, moderate, major, catastrophic). The combination of likelihood and consequence determines the risk rating (low, medium, high, extreme). A risk matrix can help to visualize and compare the risks, and to decide which risks need more attention and action.

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Szymon Sporny

Marine Coordinator @ Baltic Power OWF
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A risk matrix analyzes project risks based on likelihood and severity. Once you map your risks, you can calculate overall impact and prioritize risks accordingly. In this piece, you’ll learn how to create a risk matrix template and how to use the information from this analysis tool to develop a comprehensive risk management plan.

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3 DP risk assessment process

The DP risk assessment process is a systematic and structured approach to identify, analyze, evaluate, and control the risks associated with DP operations. This process typically involves defining the scope and objectives of the operation, such as location, duration, weather conditions, vessel specifications, equipment requirements, personnel roles, and emergency procedures. It is also necessary to identify potential hazards that may affect the operation, such as equipment failure, human error, external interference, environmental factors, and operational changes. After analyzing the likelihood and consequence of each hazard with the risk matrix or other methods such as fault tree analysis or failure mode and effect analysis, it is important to evaluate the risks against the ALARP principle and acceptable risk criteria. Finally, control measures should be implemented such as design changes, maintenance plans, operational procedures, training programs, contingency plans, or insurance policies. It is also essential to monitor and review the risks and the effectiveness of control measures while updating the risk assessment as needed.

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4 Benefits of applying ALARP and risk matrix

Applying the ALARP principle and the risk matrix in DP risk assessment can provide several benefits for the DP operators and stakeholders, such as enhancing safety and performance, improving the decision-making and communication process, demonstrating compliance and accountability, as well as increasing confidence and trust. These advantages are realized by reducing the potential for accidents, incidents, and losses; providing a clear and consistent framework and criteria for risk management; and showing that risks have been identified, evaluated, and controlled in accordance with relevant standards and regulations in a responsible and professional manner.

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Szymon Sporny

Marine Coordinator @ Baltic Power OWF
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Applying ALARP principles and a risk matrix to the DP risk assessment process offers benefits including: -reduction of risks to achievable levels, -prioritization of mitigation efforts based on risk severity, -compliance with regulatory requirements Informed decision-making and resource allocation, -continuous improvement of safety practices, -cultivation of a safety-oriented culture, -enhanced stakeholder confidence in DP operations.

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5 Challenges and limitations of applying ALARP and risk matrix

Applying the ALARP principle and the risk matrix in DP risk assessment can also present some challenges and limitations to DP operators and stakeholders. These may include defining and measuring the level of risk and practicability, balancing the costs and benefits of risk reduction measures, dealing with uncertainty and variability of risk factors, as well as avoiding complacency and over-reliance on the risk matrix. These considerations may vary depending on the context, perspective, and judgment of the parties involved, and may not be easily quantified or compared. Furthermore, they may not capture all aspects or nuances of the risk situation, nor reflect its dynamic nature.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you apply the ALARP principle and risk matrix in DP risk assessment?

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1 ALARP principle

2 Risk matrix

3 DP risk assessment process

4 Benefits of applying ALARP and risk matrix

5 Challenges and limitations of applying ALARP and risk matrix

6 Here’s what else to consider

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