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How do you account for the interaction between adjacent mat foundations in a settlement analysis?

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Mat foundations are large, shallow footings that support multiple columns or walls of a structure. They are often used in areas with low bearing capacity or high lateral loads, such as soft soils, high water tables, or seismic zones. However, mat foundations are not isolated elements; they interact with each other and the surrounding soil, affecting the settlement and stress distribution of the system. How do you account for the interaction between adjacent mat foundations in a settlement analysis? In this article, you will learn about the factors that influence the interaction, the methods to estimate the settlement, and the tools to model the behavior of mat foundations.

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1 Interaction factors

The interaction between adjacent mat foundations depends on several factors, such as the size, shape, spacing, depth, stiffness, and load of the mats, as well as the soil properties, boundary conditions, and construction sequence. These factors affect the degree of overlap, interference, or mutual support of the stress bulbs and the strain fields generated by the mats. Generally, the interaction is more significant when the mats are closer, larger, deeper, stiffer, or more heavily loaded, and when the soil is softer, more compressible, or more nonlinear.

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To account for interaction between adjacent mat foundations in a settlement analysis: 1. Perform a geotechnical investigation for the entire area. 2. Define the geometry of adjacent foundations. 3. Determine load distribution for each foundation. 4. Conduct individual settlement analyses based on soil compressibility. 5. Assess interaction considering load-induced stress changes from neighboring foundations. 6. Calculate total settlement for each foundation by summing individual and interaction-induced settlements. 7. Compare with acceptable limits, accounting for total, differential, and rate of settlement.

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2 Settlement methods

Estimating the settlement of mat foundations can be done through different methods, ranging from simple to complex. The elastic method assumes that the soil behaves as a linear elastic medium and that the mats act as rigid plates, and it uses formulas or charts to calculate the settlement and contact pressure of each mat. The consolidation method takes into account the time-dependent consolidation of the soil due to the drainage of excess pore water pressure, and it requires the knowledge of soil permeability and compressibility parameters. The numerical method uses finite element or finite difference models to simulate the soil-mat system with greater accuracy and flexibility, taking into account the nonlinear and anisotropic behavior of the soil, deformation and rotation of the mats, and variation of load and boundary conditions.

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3 Modeling tools

Software tools can be utilized to model the interaction between adjacent mat foundations in a settlement analysis. PLAXIS, a finite element software, is capable of dealing with complex geotechnical issues such as soil-structure interaction, consolidation, plasticity and creep. It allows for the definition of different soil models, mat foundations, loading conditions, and stages of analysis as well as performing parametric studies, sensitivity analyses and optimization tasks. SAP2000 is a structural analysis software that can also handle soil-structure interaction. It enables users to model mat foundations as plate or shell elements with various material properties and support conditions, while applying different types of loads such as gravity, temperature, settlement or seismic. Lastly, SAFE is a specialized software for designing and analyzing mat foundations. It permits the modeling of geometry, reinforcement and loading of the mats as well as the soil profile, modulus and subgrade reaction while considering interaction effects of the adjacent mats using either an elastic or a consolidation method.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you account for the interaction between adjacent mat foundations in a settlement analysis?

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1 Interaction factors

2 Settlement methods

3 Modeling tools

4 Here’s what else to consider

Foundation Design

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