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How do open-ended questions relate to the core principles and skills of motivational interviewing?

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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative and client-centered approach to help people explore and resolve their ambivalence about changing their behavior. MI aims to enhance intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy by eliciting the person's own reasons and values for change. One of the key skills of MI is asking open-ended questions, which are questions that cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, but require a more elaborated response. How do open-ended questions relate to the core principles and skills of MI? In this article, we will discuss how open-ended questions can help you to:

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1 Express empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person, without judging or imposing your own agenda. Empathy is essential for building rapport and trust with your client, and for creating a safe and supportive environment for change. Open-ended questions can help you express empathy by showing genuine interest and curiosity in the person's perspective, experiences, and emotions. For example, you can ask: "How do you feel about your current situation?" or "What is important to you in your life?" Open-ended questions can also help you reflect back what you hear and clarify any misunderstandings, which can demonstrate that you are listening attentively and respectfully.

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2 Develop discrepancy

Discrepancy is the gap between the person's current behavior and their desired goals or values. Discrepancy can create cognitive dissonance, which is a state of discomfort and tension that motivates people to seek consistency and harmony. Developing discrepancy can help people recognize and acknowledge the negative consequences of their behavior, and the benefits of changing it. Open-ended questions can help you develop discrepancy by inviting the person to compare and contrast their current and preferred situations, and to explore the pros and cons of changing or not changing. For example, you can ask: "How does your behavior fit with your personal values?" or "What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of making a change?"

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Corey Brock

Business Liaison - PC II Southern Parole Region-KDOC
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One thing I have found helping is assisting the client in weighing opposing thoughts and self-guiding principles, is weighing these thoughts in the scales of ambivalence. A question that I like to use goes like this...."So you are saying _________, but the other day you saying you did ________? "What can you tell me about that?"

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3 Roll with resistance

Resistance is any indication of reluctance or opposition to change, such as arguing, denying, minimizing, or avoiding. Resistance is a natural and expected reaction to change, and it can be a sign of ambivalence or fear. Rolling with resistance means accepting and respecting the person's autonomy and readiness, and avoiding confrontation or persuasion. Open-ended questions can help you roll with resistance by acknowledging the person's concerns and difficulties, and by reframing them as opportunities and challenges. For example, you can ask: "What are some of the barriers or obstacles that prevent you from changing?" or "How can you overcome or cope with these barriers?"

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Michelle Drapkin, PhD ABPP

Behavior Scientist ? Award-Winning Author ?Speaker ? Innovator ? Trainer ? Board-Certified Psychologist
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Note. This is an antiquated term. We use “dancing with discord” which honors more the challenges in the relationship rather than just the pushback someone gives us. Sometimes it on us as much as them!

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4 Support self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's own ability to perform a specific task or achieve a specific goal. Self-efficacy is a key factor for initiating and maintaining behavior change, as it influences the person's expectations, efforts, and persistence. Supporting self-efficacy means enhancing the person's confidence and optimism, and reinforcing their strengths and resources. Open-ended questions can help you support self-efficacy by eliciting the person's past successes and achievements, and by encouraging them to generate their own solutions and plans. For example, you can ask: "What have you done in the past that worked for you?" or "What are some steps that you can take to make a change?"

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Andrew H.

Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor @ The Department of Veterans Affairs
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Open-ended questions are a cornerstone of motivational interviewing. They help to create an open and collaborative dialogue between the interviewer and the client, promote exploration of values, and encourage reflection. Open-ended questions can also be used to start a conversation, explore ambivalence and resistance, elicit change talk, and assess progress. By using open-ended questions, a practitioner can create an environment of listening and exploration that is essential to the success of motivational interviewing. Open-ended questions are used to encourage reflection and self-exploration by the client, which then helps uncover important core values that can facilitate change.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Corey Brock

Business Liaison - PC II Southern Parole Region-KDOC
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I have found that a great next step is asking permission to share advice. You have automatic buy in and feels more like collaboration coupled on the path to building that autonomy and support relationship we want our client experience to build into. Good luck out there!

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Linda Mazuranic, M.Ed., LPC

Licensed Professional Counselor
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I work hard to have people trust me to not over react when they relapse with their plans or goals. I usually try to ask something pretty neutral that doesn't sound judgmental, such, as: "Do you know what might help you stay on track moving forward?" "How did the use work for you?" I'm always impressed and pleased when people have already thought about it enough to respond. Then I know I am supporting change talk.

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How do open-ended questions relate to the core principles and skills of motivational interviewing?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Express empathy

2 Develop discrepancy

3 Roll with resistance

4 Support self-efficacy

5 Here’s what else to consider

Motivational Interviewing

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感谢您的反馈

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How do open-ended questions relate to the core principles and skills of motivational interviewing?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Express empathy

2 Develop discrepancy

3 Roll with resistance

4 Support self-efficacy

5 Here’s what else to consider

Motivational Interviewing

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