How do GPRS billing systems handle roaming and interconnection agreements?

1 Roaming and interconnection

Roaming is the ability of a mobile subscriber to use GPRS services on a network other than their home network. Interconnection is the arrangement between operators to exchange and settle the charges for the roaming traffic. GPRS billing systems need to support both roaming and interconnection scenarios, which involve different parties, data flows, and rates. Roaming and interconnection agreements define the terms and conditions for the exchange of GPRS data, such as the types of services, the billing methods, the tariffs, and the settlement procedures.

2 Data collection and mediation

The first step in GPRS billing is to collect and process the data records that contain the information about the GPRS usage. These records are generated by different network elements, such as the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), and the Charging Gateway Function (CGF). The records are then sent to a mediation system, which validates, filters, enriches, and formats them according to the specifications of the billing system and the roaming partners. The mediation system also performs functions such as data compression, encryption, and routing.

3 Rating and charging

The next step in GPRS billing is to apply the appropriate rates and charges to the data records, based on the service type, the volume, the duration, the location, and the time of the GPRS usage. The rating and charging process can be done in real-time or offline, depending on the billing method and the agreement. For example, some operators may use prepaid or postpaid billing for their own subscribers, and event-based or session-based billing for their roaming partners. The rating and charging system also generates invoices and reports for the operators and the subscribers.

4 Settlement and reconciliation

The final step in GPRS billing is to settle and reconcile the charges between the operators and the roaming partners, based on the interconnection agreement and the data records. The settlement and reconciliation process can be done manually or automatically, using different mechanisms and platforms. For example, some operators may use bilateral agreements and direct settlement, while others may use multilateral agreements and clearing houses. The settlement and reconciliation system also handles disputes and adjustments, if there are any discrepancies or errors in the data or the invoices.

5 Challenges and benefits

GPRS billing systems face several challenges, such as the complexity and diversity of the GPRS services, the interoperability and compatibility of the network elements and the billing systems, the accuracy and security of the data records, the compliance and alignment of the roaming and interconnection agreements, and the efficiency and transparency of the settlement and reconciliation process. However, GPRS billing systems also offer several benefits, such as the flexibility and convenience of the GPRS services, the revenue and cost optimization of the operators and the roaming partners, the customer satisfaction and loyalty of the subscribers, and the innovation and growth of the mobile data market.

6 Here’s what else to consider

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