How can you use subdivision modeling to create a 3D model?

1 Basic concepts

Before you start subdivision modeling, you need to understand some basic concepts and terms. A polygonal mesh is a collection of vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape of a 3D object. A vertex is a point in 3D space, an edge is a line that connects two vertices, and a face is a flat surface that is bounded by three or more edges. A polygon is a face that has three or more sides, and a quad is a face that has four sides. Subdivision modeling usually works best with quads, as they produce smoother and more predictable results.

2 Subdivision levels

One of the key features of subdivision modeling is that you can work with different levels of detail and resolution. You can start with a low-polygon mesh, also known as the base mesh or the cage, and then subdivide it into a higher-polygon mesh, also known as the subdivided mesh or the smooth mesh. You can switch between the different levels of subdivision and edit them separately or simultaneously. The higher the level of subdivision, the more detail and smoothness you can achieve, but also the more complexity and computation you will need.

3 Subdivision algorithms

Another important aspect of subdivision modeling is the choice of the subdivision algorithm. A subdivision algorithm is a mathematical formula that determines how the faces of the mesh are divided and smoothed. There are different types of subdivision algorithms, such as Catmull-Clark, Loop, Doo-Sabin, and Butterfly, and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the factors that affect the quality and performance of the subdivision algorithm are the continuity, curvature, sharpness, and creases of the mesh.

4 Modeling tools

To use subdivision modeling, you need a software application that supports this technique. There are many software applications that offer subdivision modeling tools, such as Blender, Maya, 3ds Max, ZBrush, and Modo. Depending on the software, you may have different options and settings for subdivision modeling, such as the number of subdivision levels, the type of subdivision algorithm, the smoothing mode, the crease weight, and the edge flow. You can also use various modeling tools, such as extrude, bevel, inset, bridge, and loop cut, to manipulate and refine the mesh.

5 Modeling workflow

The general workflow for subdivision modeling is to start with a simple shape, such as a cube or a sphere, and then subdivide it and modify it to create the desired form. You can use reference images or sketches to guide your modeling process. You should try to keep the mesh as clean and efficient as possible, and avoid unnecessary or irregular polygons, such as triangles, pentagons, or n-gons. You should also pay attention to the edge flow, which is the direction and distribution of the edges, and try to create smooth and logical transitions between different parts of the mesh.

6 Modeling tips

Subdivision modeling is a powerful and versatile technique, but it requires some practice and skill. To improve your subdivision modeling, use a consistent and appropriate level of detail for your model, avoiding over-subdividing or under-subdividing the mesh. Creases, sharp edges, or supporting loops can create hard edges or corners where needed, yet be mindful of using too many or too few of them. Proportional editing, soft selection, or sculpting tools can smooth out or tweak the shape of the mesh, so be aware of using too much or too little of them. Symmetry, mirroring, or duplication tools can create symmetrical or repetitive parts of the mesh; however, be mindful of using them incorrectly or unnecessarily. Finally, modifiers, deformers, or plugins can add extra features or effects to the mesh such as bend, twist, taper, or noise; yet be careful not to use them excessively or inappropriately.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?