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How can you use the strategy pattern in your code?

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If you are a software developer, you probably have encountered situations where you need to change the behavior of your code depending on different scenarios or requirements. For example, you might need to apply different sorting algorithms to a list of data, or different encryption methods to a message, or different validation rules to a form input. How can you write code that is flexible, maintainable, and easy to extend without using complex conditional statements or inheritance hierarchies? One possible solution is to use the strategy pattern, a common design pattern in object-oriented programming.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial

1 What is the strategy pattern?

The strategy pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines a family of interchangeable algorithms that can be selected at runtime. The pattern consists of three main components: a context, a strategy interface, and a concrete strategy. The context is the class that uses the strategy interface to delegate some of its operations to a concrete strategy. The strategy interface is an abstract type that declares the common methods that all concrete strategies must implement. The concrete strategy is a subclass that implements the strategy interface and provides a specific algorithm for the context to use.

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Bheema Shanker Neyigapula

Application Developer @IBM | M.Tech(CS) @JNTUH '23
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The strategy pattern is a design pattern that allows you to define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. In your code, you can implement the strategy pattern by creating a set of algorithms as separate classes, encapsulating them, and providing a context class that can switch between these algorithms dynamically. This promotes flexibility, as you can easily add or modify algorithms without altering the client code, making your system more extensible and maintainable.

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2 Why use the strategy pattern?

The strategy pattern has several benefits for your code. First, it enables you to separate the concerns of the context and the strategy, making your code more modular and cohesive. Second, it allows you to swap the concrete strategy at runtime, making your code more adaptable and dynamic. Third, it reduces the coupling between the context and the strategy, making your code more testable and reusable. Fourth, it eliminates the need for long switch-case or if-else statements, making your code more readable and maintainable.

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3 How to implement the strategy pattern?

To implement the strategy pattern, you must first identify the common behavior that you want to encapsulate in a strategy interface and then create a strategy interface that declares the methods that all concrete strategies must implement. Afterward, create one or more concrete strategy classes that implement the strategy interface and provide a specific algorithm for the behavior. Additionally, create a context class with a reference to a strategy interface and use it to delegate some of its operations to a concrete strategy. Lastly, ensure that the context can set or change the concrete strategy at runtime, either through a constructor, a setter method, or a parameter.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial
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In real-world applications, such as the development of a cloud-based lending platform for financial institutions, the strategy pattern proves invaluable. Consider a scenario where different loan products demand varied interest calculation methodologies. By employing the strategy pattern, the system becomes adaptable to changing financial regulations or the introduction of new loan types without extensive code modifications.

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4 How to use the strategy pattern in your code?

To illustrate how to use the strategy pattern in your code, let's look at a simple example in Java. Suppose you have a class called ShoppingCart that represents a collection of items that a customer wants to buy. You want to apply different discount strategies to the total price of the cart depending on the type of customer, such as regular, premium, or VIP. To do this, you need to define a strategy interface with a method called applyDiscount that takes a double parameter and returns a double value. This is the common behavior that you want to encapsulate in a strategy. Next, create concrete strategy classes that implement the strategy interface and provide a specific algorithm for applying the discount. Then, create a context class with a reference to the strategy interface and use it to delegate the discount calculation to a concrete strategy. You can also provide a way for the context to set or change the strategy at runtime. Finally, use the strategy pattern by creating a ShoppingCart object and setting the appropriate discount strategy depending on the type of customer. The strategy pattern allows you to change the behavior of your code without modifying the context class or using complex conditional statements or inheritance hierarchies. You can easily add new strategies or change existing ones without affecting other parts of your code. You can also test and reuse strategies independently from other components.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you use the strategy pattern in your code?

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5

1 What is the strategy pattern?

2 Why use the strategy pattern?

3 How to implement the strategy pattern?

4 How to use the strategy pattern in your code?

5 Here’s what else to consider

System Development

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How can you use the strategy pattern in your code?

1

2

3

4

5

1 What is the strategy pattern?

2 Why use the strategy pattern?

3 How to implement the strategy pattern?

4 How to use the strategy pattern in your code?

5 Here’s what else to consider

System Development

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