How can you use MPLS for fast reroute in network engineering?

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MPLS, or Multiprotocol Label Switching, is a technology that allows network engineers to optimize the routing and forwarding of traffic in their networks. One of the benefits of MPLS is that it can provide fast reroute, which is the ability to quickly switch to an alternate path in case of a link or node failure. In this article, you will learn how you can use MPLS for fast reroute in network engineering, and what are the main concepts and mechanisms involved.

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Cristian Critelli

EMEA Lead Networking & Resilience Specialist Partner Solution Architect at Amazon Web Services (AWS) [ex Microsoft…

1 What is MPLS fast reroute?

MPLS fast reroute is a technique that uses label switching to pre-establish backup paths for traffic flows in case of a failure. Unlike traditional IP routing protocols, which can take several seconds to converge and update the routing tables, MPLS fast reroute can switch to the backup path in less than 50 milliseconds, minimizing the packet loss and service disruption. MPLS fast reroute can protect against link failures, node failures, or shared risk link group (SRLG) failures, which are groups of links that share a common risk of failure.

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Cristian Critelli

EMEA Lead Networking & Resilience Specialist Partner Solution Architect at Amazon Web Services (AWS) [ex Microsoft Azure]
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In network engineering, MPLS Fast Reroute (FRR) is used for rapid traffic recovery during failures. Start by pre-calculating and establishing backup Label Switched Paths (LSPs). Enable FRR on MPLS routers, configuring these backup LSPs and linking them with primary LSPs. Implement link protection for route failures and node protection for node unavailability, ensuring traffic continuity. Allocate sufficient bandwidth to backup paths for seamless traffic handling during switchover. Regularly testing your FRR setup is crucial to confirm its effectiveness in rerouting traffic quickly with minimal disruption. This enhances network reliability, maintaining service continuity and optimizing overall network performance.

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2 How does MPLS fast reroute work?

MPLS fast reroute works by creating two types of backup paths: detour paths and bypass paths. A detour path is a local backup path that is created by an upstream label switch router (LSR) to protect a single downstream LSR or link. A bypass path is a global backup path that is created by a point of local repair (PLR) to protect a segment of the label switched path (LSP) that includes multiple LSRs or links. Both types of backup paths are signaled using the Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering extensions (RSVP-TE), which is a protocol that establishes and maintains LSPs with specific requirements and constraints.

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3 What are the advantages of MPLS fast reroute?

MPLS fast reroute offers several advantages over other fast recovery methods, such as IP fast reroute or link aggregation. It can protect against multiple types of failures, not just link failures, and can protect traffic flows with different service levels and priorities. Furthermore, it can leverage the existing MPLS infrastructure and protocols without requiring additional hardware or software upgrades. Additionally, MPLS fast reroute can reduce the load on the network core by avoiding unnecessary route recalculations and flooding.

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Cornell T.

Core WAN & Optical Engineering at Microsoft
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FRR provides granular complimentary functions to MPLS-TE allowing for more control over the paths in a MPLS enabled network leading the way for designing for reliability and fault tolerance by being able to pre-compute alternative backup paths to avoid failures.

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4 What are the challenges of MPLS fast reroute?

Network engineers need to be aware of the challenges and limitations of using MPLS fast reroute. It requires extra resources and planning, such as label allocation, path computation, and bandwidth reservation. Additionally, it may introduce loops or suboptimal routing if the backup paths are not properly aligned with the primary paths. Furthermore, MPLS fast reroute may not be compatible with some network features or applications, such as multicast, traffic engineering, or quality of service. Finally, it may not be supported by some network vendors or devices, or may have different implementations and specifications.

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5 How can you implement MPLS fast reroute?

In order to implement MPLS fast reroute in your network, you must enable MPLS and RSVP-TE on the routers and links that are part of the LSPs you want to protect. Additionally, configure the LSPs with the fast reroute option and specify the type and level of protection. Verify that the backup paths are established and operational, meeting the requirements and constraints of the LSPs. Lastly, monitor and troubleshoot the performance and behavior of the MPLS fast reroute, adjusting parameters as needed. MPLS fast reroute is a powerful tool that can help improve reliability and availability of your network, reducing impact of failures and ensuring continuity of services and applications.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you use MPLS for fast reroute in network engineering?

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1 What is MPLS fast reroute?

2 How does MPLS fast reroute work?

3 What are the advantages of MPLS fast reroute?

4 What are the challenges of MPLS fast reroute?

5 How can you implement MPLS fast reroute?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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How can you use MPLS for fast reroute in network engineering?

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1 What is MPLS fast reroute?

2 How does MPLS fast reroute work?

3 What are the advantages of MPLS fast reroute?

4 What are the challenges of MPLS fast reroute?

5 How can you implement MPLS fast reroute?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Network Engineering

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