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How can you use geophysical surveys to guide your sampling program?

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Geophysical surveys are a powerful tool for mining engineers to map the subsurface structure and composition of mineral deposits. They can help you identify potential targets, optimize your drilling locations, and reduce your exploration costs. But how can you use geophysical data to guide your sampling program? In this article, we will explain how to integrate geophysical surveys with sampling and QA/QC protocols to improve your mineral resource estimation and evaluation.

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Alexsander Taniyaola

Technical Services Engineer at Orica
Deli Ching Chigum (DR)

CEO @ Trekservus Group of Companies| Petroleum Products' vessels Procurement and Supply , Precious metals and minerals,…

1 Types of geophysical surveys

Geophysical surveys are used to measure various physical properties of rocks and minerals, such as density, magnetism, electrical conductivity, radioactivity, and seismic velocity. Depending on the project objectives, a suitable method or combination of methods can be chosen to improve geological interpretation. Common geophysical surveys for mining engineering include gravity surveys, which measure variations in the gravitational field caused by density contrast between different rock types; magnetic surveys, which measure variations in the magnetic field due to magnetization of rocks and minerals; electrical and electromagnetic surveys, which measure variations in electrical conductivity or resistivity; radiometric surveys, which measure variations in natural radioactivity; and seismic surveys, which measure variations in seismic velocity or acoustic impedance. These surveys can help identify minerals, map their distribution and shape, delineate boundaries and thickness, estimate grade and concentration, image subsurface structure and stratigraphy, and locate faults, fractures, and cavities.

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Alexsander Taniyaola

Technical Services Engineer at Orica
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Geophysical surveys guide sampling by identifying subsurface anomalies and variations. They help target specific areas, estimate depths, and delineate geological structures. This reduces exploration costs, optimizing the sampling program. Integration with other data refines understanding. Ground truthing validates anomalies, ensuring accuracy. Geophysics aids in mineral classification, optimizing the strategy for specific minerals. It also identifies environmental factors and supports continuous monitoring for ongoing mining operations. This holistic approach enhances exploration efficiency and minimizes costs.

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Auberlin Maffo

Ingénieur Génie Minier
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ldentifiez les zones d'intérêt: en analysant les données des levés géophysiques, vous pouvez identifier les zones où se trouvent les anomalies géologiques les plus importantes. Cela vous permettra de concentrer votre programme d'échantillonnage sur ces zones.

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Deli Ching Chigum (DR)

CEO @ Trekservus Group of Companies| Petroleum Products' vessels Procurement and Supply , Precious metals and minerals, Commodity Broking and Real Estate
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Seismic survey measures seismic waves to study the subsurface. Magnetic surveys detect variations in the Earth's magnetic field to identify underground features. Gravity surveys map density variations underground. Electromagnetic surveys use electromagnetic fields to identify conductive minerals and fluids. (GPR) creates subsurface images using electromagnetic waves. Remote sensing collects Earth data from airborne or satellite sensors. Geochemical surveys analyze chemical elements to identify potential mineral deposits. Resistivity surveys measure the resistance of subsurface materials to electrical current flow.(IP) measures electrical chargeability in exploration. Electrical surveys assess subsurface electrical properties

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2 Sampling methods

Sampling is the process of collecting representative samples of the rocks and minerals for analysis and testing. It can be classified into two main categories: surface sampling, which involves collecting samples from outcrops, trenches, pits, or soil; and subsurface sampling, which involves collecting samples from boreholes, tunnels, or underground workings. The choice of sampling method depends on factors like the accessibility, depth, geometry, and continuity of the mineral deposit, as well as budget, time, and equipment available. The main objectives of sampling are to characterize the mineralogy, geochemistry, and geotechnical properties of the rocks and minerals; estimate the grade, tonnage, and quality of the mineral resource; and evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of the mining project.

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Deli Ching Chigum (DR)

CEO @ Trekservus Group of Companies| Petroleum Products' vessels Procurement and Supply , Precious metals and minerals, Commodity Broking and Real Estate
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Geophysical surveys guide sampling programs by providing insight into subsurface characteristics. Common sampling methods include soil sampling, rock sampling, and water sampling, which are tailored based on geophysical data. Geophysical surveys help determine the best locations for sampling, aiding in the identification of mineral deposits, groundwater resources, or environmental contaminants. Additionally, geophysical tools such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic surveys can inform the design and execution of sampling strategies by identifying potential target areas and optimizing resource allocation.

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3 Sampling design

Sampling design is the process of planning and executing a sampling program that meets the objectives and standards of the project. This involves deciding on the sampling strategy, which defines the purpose, scope, and scale of the sampling program, as well as the sampling unit, frame, method, and frequency. Additionally, the sampling technique should be determined to collect, label, store, and transport samples. Quality control measures should also be implemented to ensure reliability and accuracy. Lastly, sampling analysis should be done to prepare, process, and test samples using analytical methods, instruments, and laboratories to measure physical and chemical properties.

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4 Sampling optimization

Sampling optimization is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the sampling program by using geophysical data and other information. This involves integrating data from multiple sources, such as geological maps, geochemical assays, and drill logs, to create a comprehensive and consistent model of the mineral deposit. Data interpretation is then used to analyze the data and identify features and anomalies that indicate the presence and distribution of mineralization. Visualizing the data in various formats, such as maps, sections, profiles, and 3D models, helps to explore and communicate the mineral deposit. Finally, data validation verifies the data by comparing it with independent and direct measurements to confirm or reject hypotheses and assumptions of the mineral deposit.

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5 Sampling benefits

Sampling benefits are the advantages and outcomes that result from using geophysical surveys to guide your sampling program. These benefits can help to increase your confidence and accuracy in estimating and evaluating the mineral resource, reduce exploration risk and uncertainty by targeting the most prospective areas, save time and money by optimizing drilling locations and minimizing costs, as well as enhance environmental and social responsibility by minimizing surface disturbance and waste generation.

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Deli Ching Chigum (DR)

CEO @ Trekservus Group of Companies| Petroleum Products' vessels Procurement and Supply , Precious metals and minerals, Commodity Broking and Real Estate
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Seismic survey: measures seismic waves for subsurface study. Magnetic survey: detects magnetic field variations to identify underground features. Gravity survey: maps density variations underground. Geochemical survey: analyzes chemical elements to identify potential mineral deposits. GPR: creates subsurface images using electromagnetic waves. Remote sensing: collects Earth data from sensors. Induced polarization: measures electrical chargeability in exploration. Electrical survey: assesses subsurface electrical properties. Resistivity survey: measures material resistance to current flow. Electromagnetic survey: identifies conductive minerals and fluids.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Nick Harmse

Execution contractors at South32
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Not being an expert in this field i would say that the explanation in this article is perfectly described. Where i come from the Geologist could give reliable mineral deposits reports, with aid of sampling drill core analysis. Seam thicknes with elevations graphs is then used to forecast production strategies. Many more estimations can derive from these anaysis. one of wich is the presence of water, explosives needed, etc.

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How can you use geophysical surveys to guide your sampling program?

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1 Types of geophysical surveys

2 Sampling methods

3 Sampling design

4 Sampling optimization

5 Sampling benefits

6 Here’s what else to consider

Mining Engineering

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How can you use geophysical surveys to guide your sampling program?

1

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4

5

6

1 Types of geophysical surveys

2 Sampling methods

3 Sampling design

4 Sampling optimization

5 Sampling benefits

6 Here’s what else to consider

Mining Engineering

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