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How can you use event sourcing in cloud-native applications?

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Event sourcing is a design pattern that captures the state of an application as a sequence of events, rather than storing the current state in a database. This allows you to reconstruct the past and future states of the application, as well as to implement complex business logic and auditing. In this article, you will learn how you can use event sourcing in cloud-native applications, which are designed to run on distributed and scalable environments.

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1 Benefits of event sourcing

Event sourcing provides several advantages for cloud-native applications, such as resilience, scalability, auditability, and flexibility. Resilience is achieved through replaying events from a reliable source like a message broker or a log service. Scalability is enabled by distributing the events across multiple nodes and services without locking or blocking the state. Auditability allows you to track and verify the changes and actions that occurred in the application, as well as perform analytics and reporting on the event data. Finally, flexibility is enabled by applying new rules and projections to existing events without modifying the source data.

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Sanjay Kalra

VP, Digital Transformation and Head, Alliances at Intelliswift | A Digital Trailblazer Driving Business Transformation with AI and Automation | HIMSS Northern CA Chapter | Follow me on X @sanjaykalra
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Key benefits of Event Sourcing are: Atomicity: Writing an event is a single operation, ensuring correct recording. Decoupling: Different microservices can emit and consume events without knowing about each other. This improves performance and scalability. Reconstruction: By replaying events, any previous state can be recreated. Use Cases in Cloud-Native Applications: Microservices: Event sourcing simplifies handling concurrent operations and allows reconstructing past states. Stateful Messaging: In complex domains, event sourcing avoids synchronizing data models and business domains, improving performance and responsiveness.

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Amandeep Singh ????

Top Application Architecture & Software Development Voice | SSE@Nagarro | Ex-Infosys/Amdocs | YouTube - Lazy Programmer | 5★ HackerRank Java
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Event sourcing provides an immutable record of all actions and changes within the system, facilitating accurate auditing. Historical states of the application can be reconstructed at any point in time. Support long-term scalability and maintainability.

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2 Challenges of event sourcing

Event sourcing poses some challenges for cloud-native applications, such as complexity, testing, migration, and querying. Designing and managing a distributed system that can handle event processing, storage, and delivery requires addressing concurrency, consistency, and latency issues. Additionally, you must test the application behavior and performance under different scenarios and conditions to simulate and reproduce the event streams. Migration of existing data and state from a traditional database to an event store is also necessary, as is synchronizing and reconciling the data between the two sources. Finally, you need to provide a way to query the current and historical state of the application and aggregate and filter the event data.

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Sukanta Kumar Rout

TOGAF | Industrial IOT | Azure | AWS | AI/ML | Edge Computing | Industry 4.0 | IT-OT Integration | Microservices | CyberSecurity | Product Development | Software & Solution Architecture | Enterprise Architecture
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- Event sourcing aligns well with the principles of Domain-Driven Design (DDD) by capturing domain events as the core building blocks of the system. - Event sourcing captures every state change in the system as a distinct event. - Event sourcing can improve scalability and performance by decoupling the processing of commands from the storage of events.

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3 Event sourcing architecture

A common event sourcing architecture for cloud-native applications is composed of an event store, an event producer, an event consumer, an event projector and an event processor. The event store is a database or service that stores the events in a durable and append-only manner, preserving the order and integrity of the events. The event producer is a service or function that generates and publishes the events to the event store based on user actions or business logic. The event consumer subscribes and consumes the events from the event store, performing actions or updating the state based on the events. Meanwhile, the event projector projects and transforms the events into a readable and queryable format such as a database table or document. Lastly, the event processor processes and analyzes the events, applying rules, validations or calculations to them.

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4 Event sourcing frameworks

Implementing event sourcing in cloud-native applications can be made easier with the use of frameworks and tools, such as Axon, Eventuate, EventStoreDB, and Prooph. Axon is a Java-based framework that provides an end-to-end solution for event sourcing, while Eventuate offers APIs for Java, Scala, and Node.js and uses Apache Kafka as an event store and message broker. EventStoreDB is a specialized database that stores and streams events in a high-performance and scalable way. Prooph is a PHP-based framework that includes components for event sourcing, event bus, event store, and event projector, plus integrations with popular frameworks and libraries.

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Sukanta Kumar Rout

TOGAF | Industrial IOT | Azure | AWS | AI/ML | Edge Computing | Industry 4.0 | IT-OT Integration | Microservices | CyberSecurity | Product Development | Software & Solution Architecture | Enterprise Architecture
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Event sourcing frameworks are software tools or libraries that facilitate the implementation of event sourcing patterns in software systems. These frameworks typically provide utilities, abstractions, and infrastructure components to simplify the development of event-sourced applications. Some good frameworks I am listing below: - EventFlow which is a .NET library - Lagom Framework for Java applications - Axon Framework for Java

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5 Event sourcing best practices

Event sourcing is an effective design pattern for cloud-native applications, providing resilience, scalability, auditability, and flexibility. To use event sourcing effectively, you should define clear and meaningful events that capture the intent and context of changes, rather than the state or data. Additionally, use a unique and sequential identifier for each event, a schema or version for each event, a reliable and secure event store, a consistent and durable event delivery mechanism, a flexible and efficient event projection mechanism, and a robust and scalable event processing mechanism. With appropriate tools and frameworks to handle the complexities of a distributed system, you can capture and leverage the rich history and potential future of your application while implementing complex business logic and auditing.

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Amandeep Singh ????

Top Application Architecture & Software Development Voice | SSE@Nagarro | Ex-Infosys/Amdocs | YouTube - Lazy Programmer | 5★ HackerRank Java
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Events should be clearly defined. A proper versioning should be maintained. Embrace eventual consistency and adopt the CQRS pattern to separate command and query operations.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you use event sourcing in cloud-native applications?

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1 Benefits of event sourcing

2 Challenges of event sourcing

3 Event sourcing architecture

4 Event sourcing frameworks

5 Event sourcing best practices

6 Here’s what else to consider

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