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How can you use the command line to manage Active Directory?

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Active Directory (AD) is a critical component of Windows-based networks that allows you to manage users, computers, groups, and other resources. While you can use graphical tools such as the Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC) console to perform common tasks, sometimes you may need to use the command line to automate, troubleshoot, or customize your AD operations. In this article, you will learn how to use the command line to manage Active Directory using three powerful tools: PowerShell, DS Tools, and LDIFDE.

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1 PowerShell for AD

PowerShell is a scripting and automation framework that lets you perform various tasks using cmdlets, which are commands that follow a verb-noun syntax. For example, to create a new user in AD, you can use the New-ADUser cmdlet. PowerShell also supports variables, loops, conditions, and other programming features that can help you write complex scripts. To use PowerShell for AD, you need to install the Active Directory module, which is part of the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT). You can then use the Import-Module cmdlet to load the module and access hundreds of AD-related cmdlets. For example, to import the module and get a list of all AD users, you can run:

Import-Module ActiveDirectory
Get-ADUser -Filter *

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Philip Awbrey

IT Infrastructure Engineer
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PowerShell's verb-noun syntax provides a simple workflow when affecting changes to existing options: Get, then Set. Use "Get" commands (i.e. Get-ADUser) to verify that you have the correct target group/user/object, then effect the desired change by piping to the appropriate "Set" command (i.e. Set-ADUser). Verify assumptions before operating. If you have a question in your mind, Microsoft's TechNet is full of detailed explanations and examples.

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2 DS Tools for AD

DS Tools are a set of command-line utilities that are included in Windows Server and can be installed on Windows clients using RSAT. They allow you to perform various AD operations using commands that start with ds, such as dsadd, dsmod, dsquery, and dsrm. For example, to add a new user to AD using DS Tools, you can use the dsadd command: dsadd user "cn=John Smith,cn=Users,dc=contoso,dc=com" -samid jsmith -pwd Pa$$w0rd DS Tools are useful for performing simple and quick tasks, but they have some limitations compared to PowerShell, such as less flexibility, fewer options, and no scripting support.

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Philip Awbrey

IT Infrastructure Engineer
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I would absolutely recommend using the PowerShell cmdlets over the cmd utilities. RSAT includes the requisite module. I find that the PowerShell cmdlets are more clear regarding what they are doing and how it will affect the objects targeted.

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3 LDIFDE for AD

LDIFDE is a command-line tool that can import and export data from AD using the LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF), which is a standard text format for representing directory objects and attributes. LDIFDE can be used to perform bulk operations, such as creating, modifying, or deleting multiple objects at once. For example, to create three new users in AD using LDIFDE, you can create a text file called users.ldf with the following content:

dn: cn=John Smith,cn=Users,dc=contoso,dc=com
changetype: add
objectClass: user
sAMAccountName: jsmith
userPassword: Pa$$w0rd
dn: cn=Jane Doe,cn=Users,dc=contoso,dc=com
changetype: add
objectClass: user
sAMAccountName: jdoe
userPassword: Pa$$w0rd
dn: cn=Bob Lee,cn=Users,dc=contoso,dc=com
changetype: add
objectClass: user
sAMAccountName: blee
userPassword: Pa$$w0rd

Then, you can run the LDIFDE command to import the file: LDIFDE -i -f users.ldf LDIFDE can be handy for migrating or replicating data between different AD domains or forests, but it can be tricky to write and read LDIF files, especially for complex objects and attributes.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Philip Awbrey

IT Infrastructure Engineer
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I've saved an incredible amount of time and effort by automating tedious tasks through PowerShell. Whether it's providing baseline configuration, automating software installation, or remotely adding a printer for a user (and sending a test page!) there is room to improve through PowerShell.

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How can you use the command line to manage Active Directory?

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1 PowerShell for AD

2 DS Tools for AD

3 LDIFDE for AD

4 Here’s what else to consider

IT Operations

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How can you use the command line to manage Active Directory?

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1 PowerShell for AD

2 DS Tools for AD

3 LDIFDE for AD

4 Here’s what else to consider

IT Operations

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