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How can you use advanced time-stretching techniques in digital audio workstations?

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Time-stretching is the process of changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch or tone. It can be used for creative effects, such as creating loops, remixes, or transitions, or for practical purposes, such as matching tempos, adjusting vocals, or syncing audio to video. In this article, you will learn how to use advanced time-stretching techniques in digital audio workstations (DAWs), such as Ableton Live, Logic Pro, or Pro Tools, and how to avoid common pitfalls and artifacts.

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1 Why use time-stretching?

Time-stretching can help you achieve various musical goals, depending on your genre, style, and workflow. For instance, you can use it to create seamless transitions between songs or sections with different tempos or rhythms. Alternatively, you can fit vocals or instruments to a different key or groove. Additionally, time-stretching can be used to generate new textures and sounds from existing samples or recordings. Moreover, it allows you to manipulate the mood and energy of a track by either speeding up or slowing down the tempo. Finally, it can be used to align audio to a fixed grid or metronome for editing or mixing purposes.

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Richard Barley

Audio Engineer | Post-Production for Music and Film | Sound Designer | Dialogue Editor | Live Sound Reinforcement
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There area variety of reasons to use warping/time-stretching in any given project. Use case absolutely depends on the context of your desired outcome: extreme warping is useful for creating sound-design textures, while more subtle nuanced warping is often useful in a musical context to tighten up vocal alignment, or in aligning drums to a click track. I also use warping on occasion when working in a dialogue editing context to remediate things like Zoom artifacts wherein the audio has been unnaturally sped up. (But only if you're not locked to film.)

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2 How does time-stretching work?

Time-stretching algorithms work by dividing the audio signal into small segments, called grains, and then rearranging, overlapping, or repeating them to create a longer or shorter output. There are various types of time-stretching algorithms, each with different benefits and drawbacks. Transient-based algorithms detect and preserve transient events, such as drum hits or guitar plucks, but can cause glitches or distortions in harmonic or melodic material. Phase vocoder algorithms analyze and modify the frequency and phase components of the signal using Fourier transform, making them ideal for harmonic or melodic material but not as suitable for transient or noisy material. Granular algorithms use very short grains, usually less than 50 milliseconds, to create complex and organic sounds; however, they can cause audible gaps or clicks in the output.

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3 How to use time-stretching in DAWs?

Most DAWs have built-in time-stretching features that allow you to adjust the speed or duration of an audio clip by dragging its edges, changing its warp mode, or entering a numerical value. Alternatively, you can also use third-party plugins or external tools to apply more advanced or creative time-stretching effects. To do this, you should first choose the appropriate algorithm for your material and your goal. For example, if you want to stretch a drum loop without losing its punch, you might want to use a transient-based algorithm. Experiment with different settings and parameters such as grain size, envelope, pitch shift, formant shift, or modulation. Additionally, listen carefully and compare the original and the stretched audio. Pay attention to any artifacts that might occur due to the time-stretching process. If you notice any unwanted noises or changes in the quality or character of the audio, adjust the settings, use a different algorithm, or apply some filtering or processing to fix them.

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Richard Barley

Audio Engineer | Post-Production for Music and Film | Sound Designer | Dialogue Editor | Live Sound Reinforcement
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I tend to work in Pro Tools for most things. In that workstation here's what I've found to be the most transparent workflow: 1) Assuming music: *first* make sure you have established tempo through manual adjustment, or "Identify beat." If you don't do this step first, and then later change the tempo, your warped audio will try to lock to that new tempo. 2) On the desired track, change your timebase from samples to ticks. 3) Next to that timebase selection change to desired warping algorithm. I generally prefer polyphonic, but rhythmic is sometimes useful. 4) Warp away! I start adding warp markers at the beginning and the end, then key points before I start moving things around. Start with broad, targeted strokes, then refine to taste!

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4 What are the benefits and challenges of time-stretching?

Time-stretching can offer many benefits for music production, such as increasing creative possibilities and flexibility, enhancing musical expression and experimentation, improving workflow and efficiency, solving technical or musical problems, and adding variety and interest to tracks. However, it can also introduce artifacts or errors in the audio, alter the timbre or dynamics of the audio, lose the natural feel or groove of the audio, require more CPU power or memory, and violate copyright or ethical issues.

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Richard Barley

Audio Engineer | Post-Production for Music and Film | Sound Designer | Dialogue Editor | Live Sound Reinforcement
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Be certain you've established a tempo to start. If you warp and then adjust tempo without committing your warping, you can end up with a massive headache as the DAW tries to conform your audio to the new tempo. Make sure you're using the appropriate algorithm for the type of audio being warped, and be aware that stretching things beyond a certain amount will always create unnatural artifacts. If you start with bookends on an area you need to warp/refine, move bigger chunks as a primary move, and then refine smaller time-scale transients after doing a big move you will dramatically reduce the possibility of audible time-stretching artifacts in your end product.

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5 How to improve your time-stretching skills?

Time-stretching is a great technique for creating amazing music, but it takes some practice and knowledge to master. To improve your time-stretching skills, start by learning the basics of audio theory and signal processing, such as sampling rate, bit depth, frequency spectrum, and phase. Then explore different time-stretching algorithms and tools to understand their strengths and limitations. Listen to examples of time-stretching in different genres and styles, and analyze how they are used and what effects they create. Experiment with different materials and goals to achieve different results with time-stretching. Lastly, get feedback from other producers or listeners to evaluate your time-stretching outcomes.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you use advanced time-stretching techniques in digital audio workstations?

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1 Why use time-stretching?

2 How does time-stretching work?

3 How to use time-stretching in DAWs?

4 What are the benefits and challenges of time-stretching?

5 How to improve your time-stretching skills?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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