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How can you teach the skills needed to design and conduct ethnographic studies?

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Ethnographic studies are a powerful way to explore the lived experiences, cultures, and meanings of different groups of people. They can help you gain insights into complex social phenomena, challenge your assumptions, and generate new ideas for research, policy, or practice. But how can you teach the skills needed to design and conduct ethnographic studies? In this article, you will learn some tips and strategies to help your students develop their ethnographic competence and confidence.

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Archontoula Barouda

Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Doctoral researcher @ UCL @ European Commission | Archaeological Science, Cultural Heritage

1 What is ethnography?

Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves immersing yourself in a specific setting or community, observing and interacting with the people there, and documenting their behaviors, beliefs, and values. Ethnography aims to understand the emic perspective, or the insider's view, of the group you are studying. Ethnography can be applied to various fields and disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, education, health, business, and design.

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Archontoula Barouda

Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Doctoral researcher @ UCL @ European Commission | Archaeological Science, Cultural Heritage
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Ethnography can be described as a qualitative research method that involves the systematic study of people and cultures in their natural settings. It relies on fieldwork, where researchers actively participate in and observe the daily activities, interactions, and behaviors of the community or group under investigation. Ethnographers aim to capture the social, cultural, and contextual contexts that shape the lives of the individuals they study, employing methods such as participant observation, interviews, and detailed field notes to gain a deep and holistic understanding of the subject matter.

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2 Why teach ethnography?

Engaging in ethnographic research can help your students develop critical thinking, communication, and creativity skills. Through this type of research, they can learn how to ask relevant and meaningful questions that address a real-world problem or gap in knowledge. Additionally, they can collect rich and diverse data from multiple sources and perspectives, analyze and interpret the data in a rigorous and reflexive way, write and present findings in a clear and compelling way, and respect and appreciate the diversity and complexity of human cultures and experiences.

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Archontoula Barouda

Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Doctoral researcher @ UCL @ European Commission | Archaeological Science, Cultural Heritage
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Teaching ethnography is valuable for cultivating cultural understanding, critical thinking, and research skills. Through applied learning, students engage in participant observation, interviews, and qualitative data analysis. This approach fosters empathy and communication skills and encourages a respectful approach to cultural sensitivity. Ethnography's interdisciplinary nature connects students with various fields and prepares them for careers requiring effective communication and critical analysis.

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3 How to teach ethnography?

Teaching ethnography requires a comprehensive approach, and there are several steps you can follow to design and deliver an effective course. Introduce the fundamental concepts and principles, such as the role of the researcher, ethical considerations, types of data, and methods of analysis. Showcase examples of ethnographic studies from various fields and contexts, discussing their advantages and drawbacks. Assign a small-scale project to your students, allowing them to select a topic, setting, or group of interest, and define their research question and objectives. Guide them through the process of planning, conducting, and reporting their ethnographic research, providing feedback and support as needed. Lastly, encourage your students to reflect on their learning outcomes, challenges, and insights from their ethnographic experience.

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Archontoula Barouda

Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Doctoral researcher @ UCL @ European Commission | Archaeological Science, Cultural Heritage
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Teaching ethnography involves introducing students to studying cultures through hands-on research. I usually start by explaining what ethnography is and why it's important and then I give a lecture on the basics of designing a research plan, including choosing a question and considering ethics. Through different case studies, I illustrate and guide them on how to observe and participate in a community, conduct interviews, and take notes as well as analysing the findings. During the class, I encourage discussions and wrap up with students presenting their work. Providing them with constructive feedback is also a very important step to make sure that they understand the practical and cultural aspects of ethnographic research.

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4 What are some challenges of teaching ethnography?

Teaching ethnography can be challenging for a variety of reasons. It requires a great deal of time, effort, and flexibility from both the teacher and students. Additionally, dealing with uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity can be difficult and frustrating. Moreover, it necessitates a high level of ethical sensitivity and responsibility for working with vulnerable or marginalized groups. Finally, ethnography can lead to personal or emotional reactions from the students like culture shock, bias, or empathy.

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Archontoula Barouda

Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Doctoral researcher @ UCL @ European Commission | Archaeological Science, Cultural Heritage
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Teaching ethnography can be very challenging because it involves dealing with cultural differences, making sure students remain open-minded. From my own experience, I noticed that the students might find it hard to stay objective and unbiased, especially when analysing their findings. The logistical aspects of going into the field can also be challenging, and there's a need to balance having a plan with being flexible. Time constraints, the limited applicability of findings to other situations and contexts, and incorporating technology into the process can add more difficulty.

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5 How to overcome these challenges?

In order to tackle the difficulties associated with an ethnographic course, you can try some strategies such as setting clear and realistic expectations and goals for your students, providing them with necessary resources and guidance, creating a supportive and collaborative learning atmosphere, incorporating formative and summative assessments, and celebrating your students' successes. Additionally, it's important to communicate these expectations to your students, offer sample papers, checklists, rubrics, tutorials, journals, portfolios, presentations, peer reviews to monitor progress and performance , and recognize their efforts and challenges.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you teach the skills needed to design and conduct ethnographic studies?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 What is ethnography?

2 Why teach ethnography?

3 How to teach ethnography?

4 What are some challenges of teaching ethnography?

5 How to overcome these challenges?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Higher Education

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How can you teach the skills needed to design and conduct ethnographic studies?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is ethnography?

2 Why teach ethnography?

3 How to teach ethnography?

4 What are some challenges of teaching ethnography?

5 How to overcome these challenges?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Higher Education

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