How can you solve complex problems and prevent recurrence?

1 Define the problem

The first step is to define the problem clearly and precisely, using data and facts rather than opinions and assumptions. You can use tools such as the 5 Whys, the fishbone diagram, or the A3 report to identify the problem statement, the gap between the current and desired state, and the scope and impact of the problem. Defining the problem helps you to focus on the real issue and avoid jumping to solutions prematurely.

2 Analyze the causes

The next step is to analyze the root causes of the problem, using a systematic and logical approach. You can use tools such as the Pareto chart, the cause-and-effect matrix, or the fault tree analysis to prioritize the most significant causes, quantify their effects, and trace their relationships. Analyzing the causes helps you to understand the underlying factors and mechanisms that contribute to the problem and prevent recurrence.

3 Generate solutions

The third step is to generate possible solutions for the problem, using a creative and collaborative approach. You can use tools such as brainstorming, affinity diagrams, or the TRIZ method to generate a range of ideas, group them into categories, and evaluate their feasibility and effectiveness. Generating solutions helps you to explore different options and alternatives and select the best ones based on data and criteria.

4 Implement solutions

The fourth step is to implement the selected solutions for the problem, using a plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle. You can use tools such as action plans, Gantt charts, or standard work instructions to plan the implementation steps, assign responsibilities, and monitor progress. Implementing solutions helps you to test and validate your ideas, measure the results, and make adjustments as needed.

5 Verify results

The fifth step is to verify the results of the solutions, using data and feedback. You can use tools such as control charts, run charts, or surveys to compare the before and after data, assess the improvement, and collect stakeholder feedback. Verifying results helps you to confirm that the solutions have solved the problem and met the objectives, and to identify any gaps or issues that need further attention.

6 Standardize and share

The final step is to standardize and share the solutions, using documentation and communication. You can use tools such as SOPs, checklists, or visual management to document the new processes, procedures, or practices, and to ensure they are followed consistently. You can also use tools such as newsletters, presentations, or gemba walks to share the solutions with other teams, departments, or sites, and to promote learning and best practices. Standardizing and sharing helps you to sustain the improvement and prevent recurrence, and to spread the benefits and knowledge across the organization.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?