The next step in selecting a workholding solution is to choose a suitable workholding method that meets the objectives of the workholding system. There are many types of workholding methods, but they can be broadly classified into two categories: mechanical and non-mechanical. Mechanical workholding methods use physical contact and force to hold the workpiece in place, such as vises, chucks, collets, clamps, fixtures, and jigs. While they may have some drawbacks like inducing stress or distortion on the workpiece due to excessive or uneven clamping force or limiting accessibility due to the presence of clamping elements or fixture components, they are still widely used for their simplicity, versatility, and reliability. Non-mechanical workholding methods use other forms of energy or phenomena to hold the workpiece in place, such as magnets, vacuum, air, hydraulic pressure, electrostatic or electromagnetic forces. These methods can provide uniform and consistent clamping force without inducing stress or distortion on the workpiece and offer greater accessibility or visibility of the machining surfaces or features without interfering with the cutting tool or machine tool components. However, they may require special equipment, power supply, or accessories to operate and may not be suitable for certain types, sizes, shapes, or materials of workpieces. Additionally, they can be affected by external factors such as temperature, humidity, dust, or vibration.