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How can you overcome common challenges in program evaluation models?

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Program evaluation models are frameworks that guide the design, implementation, and analysis of program outcomes and impacts. They help program coordinators to define the purpose, scope, methods, and criteria of evaluation, as well as to communicate the results and recommendations to stakeholders. However, program evaluation models also pose some common challenges that can affect the quality and usefulness of the evaluation process. In this article, you will learn how to overcome four of these challenges: selecting the appropriate model, aligning the model with the program logic, managing the resources and expectations, and ensuring the validity and reliability of the data.

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1 Selecting the appropriate model

One of the first challenges in program evaluation is choosing the most suitable model for your program goals, context, and stakeholders. There are many types of program evaluation models, such as formative, summative, goal-based, process, impact, outcome, developmental, and participatory. Each model has its own strengths, weaknesses, assumptions, and implications. To select the appropriate model, you need to consider several factors, such as the stage of your program development, the questions you want to answer, the evidence you need to collect, the audience you want to inform, and the ethical and practical issues you may encounter. You can also consult with experts, peers, or literature to learn from their experiences and insights.

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2 Aligning the model with the program logic

Another challenge in program evaluation is ensuring that the model you choose is aligned with the program logic, or the theory of change that explains how your program activities lead to the desired outcomes and impacts. The program logic helps you to identify the key inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impacts of your program, as well as the assumptions, risks, and external factors that may affect them. To align the model with the program logic, you need to map out the causal relationships and indicators that link your program components, and select the evaluation methods and tools that can measure them effectively. You also need to review and revise your program logic regularly to reflect any changes or adaptations in your program design or implementation.

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3 Managing the resources and expectations

A third challenge in program evaluation is managing the resources and expectations of yourself, your team, your stakeholders, and your funders. Program evaluation can be a complex and costly process that requires time, money, expertise, and collaboration. To manage the resources and expectations, you need to plan ahead and budget realistically for your evaluation activities, and secure the necessary support and approval from your organization and funders. You also need to communicate clearly and frequently with your team and stakeholders about the evaluation goals, methods, roles, responsibilities, and timelines, and address any issues or concerns that may arise. Moreover, you need to balance the scope and depth of your evaluation with the feasibility and usefulness of the results, and avoid overpromising or underdelivering on your evaluation objectives.

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John Zakian, CEcD

Federal Grant and Long Term Disaster Recovery Subject Matter Expert Focused on Economic, Housing and Infrastructure Strategic planning and Development
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A common flaw when launching a program and activity, especially one funded by grants or initial appropriation, is not accounting either for time or expense related to evaluation. Also, the success of a program or activity, often times, will be determined by ongoing to check-ins during the course of carrying out the program and activity with such check-ins being as invaluable as an evaluation at the conclusion. Identifying periodic evaluations (check-ins) both in the timeline and expense budget also creates an important discipline to assure such efforts are carried out as well as to alert all those involved of the opportunity to have input and to potentially adapt and adjust to changing conditions and needs.

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4 Ensuring the validity and reliability of the data

A fourth challenge in program evaluation is ensuring the validity and reliability of the data you collect, analyze, and report. Validity refers to the extent to which your data accurately represent the reality of your program outcomes and impacts, while reliability refers to the extent to which your data are consistent and replicable across different sources, methods, and times. To ensure the validity and reliability of your data, you need to follow the best practices and standards of data collection, analysis, and reporting, such as using multiple sources and methods of data, triangulating and verifying the data, addressing the biases and limitations of the data, and presenting the data in a clear and transparent manner. You also need to involve your stakeholders in the data collection, analysis, and reporting process, and solicit their feedback and validation of the data.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Kendall Scott

Communications and CX Project Coordinator at City of Kingston
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To overcome challenges in program evaluation models, start with clear definitions of objectives and metrics. Engage stakeholders early to align the evaluation with their needs and expectations. Ensure sufficient resources are allocated, including time, budget, and expertise. Maintain flexibility to adapt the evaluation model as needed. Focus on securing high-quality, relevant data and employ a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods for a comprehensive analysis. Actively address and mitigate biases to maintain objectivity. Regularly review and adjust the evaluation process for continuous improvement. Finally, communicate the findings effectively to stakeholders, ensuring the results are understood and utilized for program enhancements.

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How can you overcome common challenges in program evaluation models?

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5

1 Selecting the appropriate model

2 Aligning the model with the program logic

3 Managing the resources and expectations

4 Ensuring the validity and reliability of the data

5 Here’s what else to consider

Program Coordination

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How can you overcome common challenges in program evaluation models?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Selecting the appropriate model

2 Aligning the model with the program logic

3 Managing the resources and expectations

4 Ensuring the validity and reliability of the data

5 Here’s what else to consider

Program Coordination

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