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How can you optimize authentication architecture patterns and styles for high traffic conditions?

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Authentication is a crucial aspect of any system architecture, especially when dealing with high traffic conditions. You need to ensure that your users can securely access your system without compromising performance, scalability, or availability. In this article, you will learn about some common authentication architecture patterns and styles, and how to optimize them for high traffic scenarios.

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Anurag Rana

Technical Architect at Infoedge (Naukri.Com), M.Tech - IIITD

1 Centralized authentication

Centralized authentication is a pattern where a single service or component handles all the authentication requests and issues tokens or credentials to the users. This simplifies the authentication logic and reduces the risk of inconsistency or duplication. However, it also creates a single point of failure and a potential bottleneck for high traffic conditions. To optimize this pattern, you can use techniques such as caching, load balancing, replication, and fault tolerance to improve the reliability and responsiveness of the authentication service.

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2 Federated authentication

Federated authentication is a pattern where multiple services or components share the authentication responsibility and trust each other's tokens or credentials. This allows users to access different resources or domains with a single sign-on (SSO) experience, and reduces the dependency on a central authority. However, it also introduces complexity and security challenges, such as managing trust relationships, synchronizing user data, and preventing token theft or replay. To optimize this pattern, you can use standards and protocols such as OAuth, OpenID Connect, and SAML to enable secure and interoperable authentication flows.

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Anatoliy Kim

Senior Software Developer
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Federated authentication is useful when it is done between trustworthy entities. For example, Github => Google Cloud, or Terraform => Google Cloud. In this type of integration instead of using access tokens, keys or anything else - directly use Workload Identity Federation (but still verifying source, of course, because "trust nobody").

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3 Decentralized authentication

Decentralized authentication is a pattern where each service or component handles its own authentication and does not rely on any external authority or token. This gives users more control and privacy over their identity and data, and eliminates the need for a central server or database. However, it also requires more coordination and verification among the services or components, and may result in inconsistent or incompatible authentication methods. To optimize this pattern, you can use technologies such as blockchain, digital signatures, and biometrics to enable trustless and verifiable authentication.

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4 Stateless authentication

Stateless authentication is a style where the authentication state is not stored or maintained by the server, but rather embedded in the token or credential that the user presents. This reduces the server load and improves scalability and performance, as the server does not need to query a database or cache for every authentication request. However, it also increases the size and complexity of the token or credential, and may pose security risks such as token tampering or expiration. To optimize this style, you can use formats and algorithms such as JSON Web Token (JWT), HMAC, and RSA to create and validate stateless tokens.

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Anurag Rana

Technical Architect at Infoedge (Naukri.Com), M.Tech - IIITD
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On a high load system, DB/cache query based authentication will require more resources. That is why JWT-based authentication is better. We keep 2 tokens, one is short-lived and another is long-lived. Use the short-lived token to authenticate each request without querying the database. Use the long-lived token to refresh the short-lived token.

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5 Stateful authentication

Stateful authentication is a style where the authentication state is stored and maintained by the server, and the user presents a simple identifier or reference to the server. This reduces the size and complexity of the identifier or reference, and allows the server to manage and revoke the authentication state. However, it also increases the server load and decreases scalability and performance, as the server needs to query a database or cache for every authentication request. To optimize this style, you can use techniques such as session pooling, sharding, and expiration to manage and reduce stateful sessions.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Monik Raj Behera

Engineering @ Visa - Artificial Intelligence | Software Engineering | Distributed Computing
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Centralised authentication with caching at local layers can be a good approach, where even in high traffic you route few of the services authentication to local cache. Understanding the attack or security vectors might help to understand what services actually need authentication and can some done through probabilistic approach

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How can you optimize authentication architecture patterns and styles for high traffic conditions?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Centralized authentication

2 Federated authentication

3 Decentralized authentication

4 Stateless authentication

5 Stateful authentication

6 Here’s what else to consider

System Architecture

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How can you optimize authentication architecture patterns and styles for high traffic conditions?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Centralized authentication

2 Federated authentication

3 Decentralized authentication

4 Stateless authentication

5 Stateful authentication

6 Here’s what else to consider

System Architecture

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