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How can you modularize your monolithic architecture?

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Monolithic architecture is a common way of building applications, where all the components are tightly coupled and run as a single unit. However, as your application grows in size and complexity, you may face some challenges such as difficulty in scaling and maintaining the codebase, increased risk of failures and downtime, longer deployment cycles and testing efforts, and reduced flexibility and innovation. To combat these issues, you may want to modularize your monolithic architecture by breaking it down into smaller, independent, and reusable modules. In this article, we will discuss how to use some proven strategies and best practices to modularize your monolithic architecture.

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Ahmed El-Sayed

Solutions Architect Lead | Java, Project Management, Agile
Sayyaz Ahmad

.NET Architect | 8x Microsoft Certified | Azure Data Engineer | Azure Integration Dev | Power Platform Dev
Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial

1 Identify the modules

The first step to modularize your monolithic architecture is to identify the modules that make up your application. A module is a logical unit of functionality that can be developed, tested, deployed, and updated independently. To define your modules, you can consider criteria such as business domains, technical layers, and common services. For instance, you could group features and functions that belong to the same business domain, such as customer, order, product; separate components that belong to different technical layers, such as presentation, business logic, data access; and isolate components that provide common services, such as authentication or logging. The goal is to create modules that are cohesive and loosely coupled - meaning they have a clear purpose and minimal dependencies and interactions with other modules.

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Ahmed El-Sayed

Solutions Architect Lead | Java, Project Management, Agile
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To modularize a monolithic architecture: 1. Identify bounded contexts. 2. Decompose into modules based on contexts. 3. Define clear module interfaces. 4. Separate concerns within each module. 5. Encapsulate dependencies. 6. Implement modular patterns. 7. Containerize modules using Docker. 8. Use CI/CD for automation. 9. Implement monitoring and logging. 10. Iterate and refine continually.

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Sayyaz Ahmad

.NET Architect | 8x Microsoft Certified | Azure Data Engineer | Azure Integration Dev | Power Platform Dev
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Modularizing a monolithic architecture involves breaking down a large, tightly integrated system into smaller, more manageable modules. Here are some strategies to achieve modularization: 1. Identify Functional Modules: - Break down the monolith into distinct functional modules. 2. Decompose by Business Capabilities: - Organize modules based on specific business capabilities. 3. Microservices or SOA: - Consider transitioning to microservices or a service-oriented architecture. 4. API Gateway: - Introduce an API gateway for managing module communication. 5. Dependency Inversion: - Apply dependency inversion to reduce coupling between modules. 6. Database Separation: - Separate databases for different modules.

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2 Design the interfaces

The next step to modularize your monolithic architecture is to design the interfaces that enable communication and integration between the modules. An interface is a contract that defines the inputs, outputs, and behaviors of a module. To create interfaces that are consistent, reliable, secure, and easy to use, you can use different types of interfaces such as Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), events, or libraries. APIs can be implemented using various protocols and formats such as REST, SOAP, JSON, or XML. Events are messages that notify other modules or external clients about changes or occurrences in a module and can be implemented using technologies and patterns like message queues, pub/sub, or event sourcing. Libraries are reusable code packages that can be imported and invoked by other modules or external clients and can be implemented using languages and frameworks like Java, Python, or .NET.

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Yuvaraj Madheswaran

GM Financial
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APIs as a Standard Interface: APIs play a pivotal role in enabling communication between modules within a monolithic architecture. Protocol and Format Considerations: Choosing the right protocol and format for APIs is crucial for interoperability and ease of integration. Events for Asynchronous Communication: Events facilitate asynchronous communication between modules, enabling real-time responsiveness and decoupling of components. Libraries for Reusability and Modularity: Libraries encapsulate reusable code logic, promoting modularity and reducing redundancy across modules. Security Considerations for Interfaces: Security is paramount when designing interfaces, especially in the highly regulated financial services industry.

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Rachit Mehrotra

FinTech | Senior Software Engineer | SDE 2 | Digital Banking | AVP | Regional Delivery | Building Next-Gen FinTech Applications | AI Engineer
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To modularize a monolithic architecture, begin by identifying functional modules and defining clear interfaces between them. Decouple dependencies to allow for independent development and deployment. Refactor the codebase to extract and encapsulate modular components, making them reusable. Implement service layers like API gateways or microservices to encapsulate functionality. Use standardized communication protocols for inter-module communication and encapsulate data access. These steps promote modularity within the monolithic architecture, enabling easier maintenance, scalability, and future enhancements.

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3 Refactor the code

The final step to modularize your monolithic architecture is to refactor the code to align with the modules and interfaces that you have identified and designed. Refactoring is the process of improving the quality and structure of the code without changing its functionality, such as by extracting a piece of code into a separate method, moving a method to the appropriate class or file, renaming a method to make it more descriptive, or replacing complex conditional logic with a polymorphic behavior. The goal is to create code that is modular, readable, maintainable, and testable.

Modularizing your monolithic architecture can bring numerous benefits, including improved scalability and performance, reduced risk and complexity, faster deployment and feedback, and increased flexibility and innovation. However, it also requires careful planning, design, and execution as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation. By following the steps and best practices outlined in this article, you can begin your journey towards a more modular and modern architecture for your application.

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André Rovira Romero

Software engineer
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One thing to consider while refactoring this modules, in relation to the scalability and performance is to chose the right language, database and middleware to ensure you minimise infrastructure costs and get the right amount of performance. Being able to prevent bottlenecks on other modules/services while not overspending in terms of infrastructure is key.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you modularize your monolithic architecture?

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1 Identify the modules

2 Design the interfaces

3 Refactor the code

4 Here’s what else to consider

Application Development

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