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How can you measure the productivity of a well?

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Measuring the productivity of a well is an essential task for oil and gas engineers and operators. It helps them optimize the performance, efficiency, and profitability of their wells and reservoirs. But how can you measure the productivity of a well? What factors affect it? And what methods and tools can you use to calculate it? In this article, we will answer these questions and explain some of the key concepts and terms related to well productivity.

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Mohammad Zeyghami

◆ Reservoir Engineer ◆ Instructor with a Passion for ? Reservoir Simulation ? PVT ? ESL (English as a Second Language)
Saleh Rahmanov

Petroleum Specialist @ GL Group | Oilfield, Team Development
Abdelrahman Talab

Health Safety Environment Site Manager @ Abuljadayel Co. for Contracting & Maintenance| Nebosh, Environmental…

1 What is well productivity?

Well productivity is a measure of how much fluid a well can produce or inject per unit of pressure difference between the reservoir and the wellbore. It is usually expressed as a productivity index (PI) or an injectivity index (II), depending on whether the well is a producer or an injector. The higher the PI or II, the more productive the well is. Well productivity depends on several factors, such as the reservoir properties, the well geometry, the completion design, the fluid properties, and the flow regime.

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Abdelrahman Talab

Health Safety Environment Site Manager @ Abuljadayel Co. for Contracting & Maintenance| Nebosh, Environmental Management, Safety Management
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To measure well productivity, key metrics include flow rate, initial production (IP), decline curve analysis, reservoir pressure, bottomhole pressure (BHP), production index, and economic metrics like NPV and IRR. These indicators assess the volume and efficiency of fluid production, pressure dynamics, decline rates, and financial viability. Consulting with experts can provide specific insights.

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2 How to calculate well productivity?

There are different methods and formulas to calculate well productivity, depending on the type and condition of the well and the reservoir. One of the most common methods is the Darcy's law, which relates the fluid flow rate to the pressure gradient and the permeability of the porous medium. Using Darcy's law, you can estimate the PI or II of a well by dividing the flow rate by the pressure difference between the reservoir and the wellbore. However, this method assumes a steady-state, laminar, and single-phase flow, which may not be realistic in many cases. Therefore, you may need to use more advanced methods, such as the radial diffusivity equation, the Vogel's equation, or the Jones' equation, to account for transient, turbulent, and multiphase flow effects.

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Mohammad Zeyghami

◆ Reservoir Engineer ◆ Instructor with a Passion for ? Reservoir Simulation ? PVT ? ESL (English as a Second Language)
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PI is assumed to be constant only for oil reservoirs with P>Pb. Below Pb, PI is a function of flow rate: At higher flow rates (i.e. lower pressures), more gas is released in the reservoir, leading to lower relative permeability and higher viscosity of the liquid phase, which means a lower PI of the well.

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3 What are the units of well productivity?

The units of well productivity vary depending on the system of measurement and the fluid type. For example, in the SI system, the PI is usually expressed in cubic meters per day per bar (m3/d/bar) or liters per hour per kilopascal (L/h/kPa), while the II is expressed in cubic meters per day per bar per meter (m3/d/bar/m) or liters per hour per kilopascal per meter (L/h/kPa/m). In the field system, the PI is usually expressed in barrels per day per psi (bbl/d/psi) or gallons per minute per psi (gpm/psi), while the II is expressed in barrels per day per psi per foot (bbl/d/psi/ft) or gallons per minute per psi per foot (gpm/psi/ft).

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4 What are the tools to measure well productivity?

To measure well productivity, you need to measure the flow rate and the pressure of the fluid at different points in the well and the reservoir. There are various tools and instruments that can help you do that, such as flow meters, pressure gauges, pressure transducers, pressure sensors, pressure bombs, downhole gauges, and surface gauges. Some of these tools are permanent, while others are temporary. Some of these tools are installed in the wellbore, while others are placed on the surface or in the reservoir. You can also use software and models to analyze and interpret the data from these tools and estimate the well productivity.

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5 What are the benefits of measuring well productivity?

Measuring well productivity can provide a range of benefits to your oil and gas operations. It can help you evaluate the performance and potential of your wells and reservoirs, optimize well design, completion, stimulation, and artificial lift methods, monitor the well condition and identify any problems or issues, plan and implement the best production or injection strategies, enhance recovery and efficiency of your wells and reservoirs, and increase the profitability and sustainability of your oil and gas projects.

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Saleh Rahmanov

Petroleum Specialist @ GL Group | Oilfield, Team Development
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Measuring well productivity using technologies such as well gauges and control tools for real-time data to estimate production rates, analyze reservoir performance, monitor pressure and flow parameters, and most importantly, based on years of experience and old methods, allowing for effective evaluation and optimization.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Mohammad Zeyghami

◆ Reservoir Engineer ◆ Instructor with a Passion for ? Reservoir Simulation ? PVT ? ESL (English as a Second Language)
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Generally, PI values calculated by reservoir simulators are not accurate, and thus should not be used as an estimate of actual well PI. Actually, it is an important step of history matching to modify well parameters so that a correct well inflow performance is achieved.

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How can you measure the productivity of a well?

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1 What is well productivity?

2 How to calculate well productivity?

3 What are the units of well productivity?

4 What are the tools to measure well productivity?

5 What are the benefits of measuring well productivity?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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