How can you map evacuation routes using GIS?

Dans un de mes articles scientifiques, j'ai adopté une approche basée sur la modélisation spatiale pour la cartographie des itinéraires d'évacuation en utilisant un SIG. Cette méthode emploie des diagrammes de Vorono? pour segmenter le réseau spatial urbain, tout en prenant en compte les zones vulnérables. Les trajets sont choisis en fonction de leur éloignement de ces zones, assurant ainsi la sécurité et l'efficacité des itinéraires. Ce processus favorise les chemins les plus s?rs et les plus courts, optimisant la planification et la cartographie des routes d'évacuation.

- Identify potential hazards; - Collect relevant data (road networks, transportation infrastructure, population density, and locations of critical facilities); - Divide the area into evacuation zones; - Using GIS tools to analyze the road network and identify evacuation routes (primary and alternative); - Map the locations of emergency shelters with the capacity; - Use GIS to simulate and analyze potential traffic (adjust routes); - Coordinate with emergency services (if possible); - Periodically updating evacuation route maps.

Identify the area for which the evacuation routes need to be mapped. Define the objectives of evacuation route mapping, such as ensuring efficient movement of people during emergencies, considering different types of hazards, and providing access to safe locations. Gather relevant geospatial data including road networks, transportation infrastructure, population density, and hazard locations. Analyze the collected data to identify potential obstacles, traffic flow patterns, and areas of high population density. Use GIS software to design optimal evacuation routes based on the analyzed data and objectives. Evaluate the proposed routes considering factors such as distance, capacity, accessibility, and potential obstructions.

La planificación de rutas de evacuación con SIG exige una definición precisa del alcance, involucrando la identificación de amenazas, delimitación geográfica, caracterización demográfica y evaluación de recursos. Los objetivos se centran en desarrollar rutas eficientes y seguras, identificar puntos de refugio, implementar comunicación efectiva, garantizar inclusividad, realizar simulacros y coordinarse con autoridades locales. Se busca también crear conciencia pública y actualizar el plan periódicamente ante cambios en infraestructura, demografía y amenazas, asegurando una planificación integral adaptada a las necesidades locales.

1. Clearly outline project goals and hazard specifics. 2. Identify target population and their needs. 3. Assess available resources and constraints. 4. Set measurable goals for effective planning.

Os Sistemas de Informa??o Geográfica v?o muito além da visualiza??o espacial com mapas bidimensionais. Como Sistemas devem apresentar diferentes elementos, fun??es e estrutura de dados íntegra e inter-relacionados dinamicamente. Dados espaciais possuem diferentes naturezas, surgem de GPSs, VANTs, coletas instrumentais, observacionais, dentre outros. Cada qual com seu formado próprio. Utilizar um software capaz de intercambiar todos esses formatos e dinamicas é fundamental para a assertividade das variáveis de análise.

Population data integration and route optimization are worth considering in the first step. The population data affects how evacuation routes are optimized, as routes need to accommodate the number of people being evacuated.

One of the approaches to designing evacuation routes is using participatory mapping. Facilitators provide basic spatial data such as drone imagery, roads, and public amenities on a big canvas, e.g. A0 printed map. Then together with related stakeholders (local government, local community) design the route by incorporating existing data (spatial) with input (data) from local knowledge. Not only the route will be accurate, it also give a sense of ownership of the designed route to all stakeholders involved.

1. Gather data like road networks, population density, and hazards. 2. Use various sources like GPS, surveys, and online databases. 3. Employ GIS software (e.g., ArcGIS) for data manipulation and visualization.

For collecting real time dataset when hazards/disasters occurs I will recommend to use UAV or Aerial Photography using drone for example to use since it’s fast and easier to take real-time condition in the damaged area, however if it’s not possible to use drone for that, online database and cloud computing using GEE for example colud be alternative also.

I would certainly add road network analysis and graph analytics to the mix. Network centralities like betweenness centrality are designed to capture bottlenecks and other crucial elements in networks - an aspect that can be crucial in evacuation routes in capturing the route's resilience.

No ArcGIS por exemplo todas essas funcionalidades e estrutura do banco de dados já est?o prontas com a extens?o Network Analyst para o ArcGIS PRO. Porém também é possível utilizar algumas funcionalidades básicas do roteamento urbano com o ArcGIS On-line. Isso porque ele já possui a engine de roteamento usando bases de infraestrutura de ruas mantida pela ESRI. Veja referências do Network Analyst para aprofundar as possibilidades com rotas próprias de uma empresa. Constru??o de rotas alternativas para interrup??es em tempo real, zonas de influência, dentre outras.

The evaluation of evacuation routes depends on the topography and geomorphology of the location. The factors like Geology and vulnerability of the population to the specific hazard also influences the evacuation planning. For the design and evaluation of evacuation routes needs micro level analysis of the physiotherapy, response of the community.

Utilize GIS software to model different evacuation scenarios based on various factors, such as traffic flow, road capacity, and shelter locations. Consider dynamic factors like weather conditions, real-time traffic data, and alternative routes. Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of proposed routes, taking into account the capacity of roads, potential bottlenecks, and the needs of special populations (elderly, disabled).

colllect the shelter or health facilities point first and then use road network analysis based on the criteria you prefer such as shortest distance and time, but please note that might be some hindrance such as congestion or damaged road because of hazards/disaster that occur, you need to analysis that first before using network analysis to find the fastest path to evacuate

No ArcGIS On-line e Enterprise é possível publicar a sua própria base de rotas. O PRO gera o *.mmpk, um formato que carrega no seu aplicativo todas as informa??es desta rede, inclusive as camadas geográficas que comp?em a análise de restri??es, alternativas, sentido da via e modais permitidos. Também é possível uma entrega com baixo time to market com o ArcGIS Navigator, uma web app sobre o ArcGIS On-line ou Enterprise que carrega tais mapas e permite a navega??o mesmo off-line.

Web mapping tools are useful tools for sharing and communicating results to our organization, stackholders and also to the public The main goal in this step is to communicate results to aid in the process of decision making and make sure that the population is aware about the location of evacuation routes There are interesting web mapping tools , and i find it easy to share results from desktop to web using ArcGIS (form ArcGIS Pro in desktop to ArcGIS Online)

1. Share maps through diverse platforms (web, mobile, paper). 2. Update routes in real-time with GIS tools. 3. Ensure easy understanding by emergency managers and the public.

It’s good to create the evacuation route map but the important one is to communicate that to the decision makers, to act fast on evacuating the priority one. So involve the local community, involve the volunteering organization, the local government so your maps could be actually useful.

Una cosa muy importante que hay que tener en cuenta es el formato y la simbología en la que se representen estos mapas. A diferencia de otros tipos de mapas con muchos elementos, en las rutas de evaluación la sencillez es clave. Una persona en peligro debe ubicarse a si mismo y la ruta de evacuación de manera rápida e inequívoca. Hay que tener en cuenta que en una situación de emergencia el tiempo es clave y por ello la se?alización debe ser sencilla y precisa.

Il faut élaborer un plan d’évacuation en tenant compte des différents scénarios possibles, comme les types de risques, les niveaux d’alerte, les capacités d’accueil, etc.?Le plan d’évacuation doit indiquer clairement les éléments suivants :? les sorties de secours ; les trajets menant aux sorties de secours ; les zones de refuge et les points de rassemblement ; le point de rassemblement à l’extérieur ; l’emplacement des appareils d’extinction, des avertisseurs de fumée et de monoxyde de carbone, et des extincteurs portatifs.

Community Engagement: Involve the community in the planning process to gather local knowledge, address concerns, and ensure the feasibility of proposed routes. Training and Simulation: Conduct drills and simulations using GIS to test the effectiveness of evacuation plans and identify potential issues. Integration with Emergency Services: Coordinate with emergency services to ensure that evacuation routes align with their response plans and capabilities.

The main thing to consider is what the audience means the people who need to be evacuated either they know much about evacuation Maps and their usage or they need necessary training. Because Disasters can happen in any place in developed or 3rd world countries. First of all people need to know about Map language to understand. And then evacuation Maps need to be available based on the society either they have access to social media or local media or any other news. Then these maps will serve the actual purpose. Thanks

In the broader context, incorporating community engagement and feedback loops into GIS-based evacuation planning ensures a more comprehensive and adaptive approach. Sharing success stories of effective evacuations through GIS can inspire other regions to enhance their preparedness. Additionally, acknowledging the evolving nature of hazards and technology, ongoing collaboration and skill development in GIS contribute to continually refining and improving evacuation strategies for future challenges.