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How can you make your BGP routing policies more resilient?

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BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is the de facto standard for routing traffic between autonomous systems (AS) on the internet. It allows network operators to advertise and exchange routes with their peers, and to apply policies that influence the path selection and traffic engineering. However, BGP is also vulnerable to various threats, such as misconfigurations, hijacks, leaks, and attacks, that can disrupt the connectivity and performance of networks. Therefore, it is crucial to design and implement BGP routing policies that are resilient to these challenges and can ensure the availability and security of your network. In this article, we will discuss some best practices and tips on how to make your BGP routing policies more resilient.

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Zied T.

Security & Network Architect | Cybersecurity | Cloud Security | Zero Trust SME

1 Use Route Filtering

One of the most basic and essential ways to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to use route filtering. Route filtering is the process of applying rules to accept or reject routes based on certain criteria, such as prefix length, origin AS, community value, or route attribute. Route filtering can help you prevent unwanted routes from entering or leaving your network, avoid routing loops, reduce the size of your routing table, and protect your network from malicious or erroneous routes. You should always use route filtering on both inbound and outbound directions, and verify that your filters match your intended policies and agreements with your peers.

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G Kavya Snigdha

Network Consulting Engineer at Cisco | M.Tech (23-25) Data Science Student - BITS PILANI | CCNP (ENCOR) | CCNA | DevNet | DEI Advocate | Proud Ally
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Enhancing the resilience of BGP routing policies involves judicious use of route filtering. Implementing route filters helps control the advertisements and acceptance of BGP routes, mitigating issues. Utilize prefix lists and AS-path filters to limit the routes accepted or advertised. Regularly update and maintain these filters to accommodate changes in network and ensure accurate routing information. Additionally, implement prefix filtering at network borders to prevent the propagation of incorrect routes. By this, you bolster BGP resilience, reduce the risk of route hijacking or leaks, and enhance overall network stability, ensuring that routing decisions align with your organizational objectives and security policies.

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2 Apply Route Aggregation

Another way to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to apply route aggregation. Route aggregation is the process of combining multiple smaller prefixes into a larger one, and advertising the larger prefix to your peers. Route aggregation can help you reduce the number of routes you need to advertise and maintain, improve the scalability and stability of your network, and conserve IP address space. You should always apply route aggregation when possible, and use the aggregate-address command to create summary routes in BGP. However, you should also be careful not to over-aggregate your routes, as this can cause suboptimal routing, loss of granularity, or blackholing.

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Zied T.

Security & Network Architect | Cybersecurity | Cloud Security | Zero Trust SME
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RA is a good practice to improve network scalability and stability. When I played with Juniper routers in ISP networks, I used to implement what we call “generated routes”. Both are used to summarize routes, but they are used in different scenarios and have distinct behaviors. With RG we don’t need to use reject or discard as a next-hop. The NH of the first contributing route is used. RG can also be configured with routing policies or conditions. These conditions determine when the generated route is active. The generated route can be configured to be always present in the routing table, irrespective of the presence of more specific routes. Very useful when you need more control over the route generation process.

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G Kavya Snigdha

Network Consulting Engineer at Cisco | M.Tech (23-25) Data Science Student - BITS PILANI | CCNP (ENCOR) | CCNA | DevNet | DEI Advocate | Proud Ally
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To enhance BGP routing policy resilience, applying route aggregation is a valuable strategy. By consolidating multiple routes into a single, summarized route, you reduce the size of the routing table and minimize the impact of route changes on the network. This enhances scalability and stability, mitigating the risk of route fluctuations and improving overall performance. Careful implementation of route aggregation, considering the specific characteristics of your network, helps prevent suboptimal routing and reduces the potential for routing instability. Regularly review and update aggregation policies to adapt to changing network conditions, ensuring that the routing infrastructure remains efficient.

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3 Implement Route Authentication

A third way to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to implement route authentication. Route authentication is the process of verifying the identity and authorization of your peers before exchanging routes with them. Route authentication can help you prevent unauthorized or spoofed peers from establishing BGP sessions with you, and ensure that the routes you receive or send are from trusted sources. You should always implement route authentication on your BGP sessions, and use the BGP password command to configure a shared secret key between you and your peers. Additionally, you can also use more advanced mechanisms, such as BGPsec or RPKI, to validate the origin and path of the routes.

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G Kavya Snigdha

Network Consulting Engineer at Cisco | M.Tech (23-25) Data Science Student - BITS PILANI | CCNP (ENCOR) | CCNA | DevNet | DEI Advocate | Proud Ally
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To enhance the resilience of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) routing policies, consider the following best practices: Diverse Peering Connections: Route Filtering and Validation: Prefix Limits and AS Path Length: Use of BGP Communities: Prefix Aggregation: Route Dampening: Monitoring and Alerting: Regular Audits and Testing: Diverse Physical Paths: Implement BGP Route Reflectors:

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4 Monitor and Analyze Route Changes

A fourth way to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to monitor and analyze route changes. Route changes are the events that cause the addition, deletion, or modification of routes in your BGP table. Route changes can indicate normal or abnormal behavior of your network, such as link failures, policy updates, traffic shifts, or attacks. You should always monitor and analyze route changes on your network, and use tools such as BGP debug, show commands, logging, SNMP, or NetFlow to collect and display route information. By monitoring and analyzing route changes, you can detect and troubleshoot any problems, optimize your performance, and improve your security.

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5 Test and Review Your Policies

A fifth way to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to test and review your policies. Testing and reviewing your policies is the process of verifying that your policies work as expected, and that they do not cause any unintended consequences or conflicts. Testing and reviewing your policies can help you avoid misconfigurations, errors, or inconsistencies that can affect your network functionality and reliability. You should always test and review your policies before and after applying them, and use tools such as BGP simulation, policy testing, or policy comparison to validate and compare your policies. By testing and reviewing your policies, you can ensure that your policies are accurate, effective, and compliant.

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6 Update and Maintain Your Policies

A sixth way to make your BGP routing policies more resilient is to update and maintain your policies. Updating and maintaining your policies is the process of modifying your policies to reflect the changes in your network environment, requirements, or objectives. Updating and maintaining your policies can help you adapt to the dynamic and evolving nature of the internet, and keep your network performance and security at the optimal level. You should always update and maintain your policies regularly, and use tools such as BGP configuration management, policy automation, or policy documentation to facilitate and simplify your policy changes. By updating and maintaining your policies, you can ensure that your policies are relevant, current, and consistent.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Geovanni Flores

Multi-Cloud Security Engineer | Incident Handler | Cloud Pentester (Azure, AWS, GCP, Oracle, IBM)
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In my humble opinion, I consider that the most robust way to strengthen BGP routing policies is by implementing an RPKI validator that allows adding a security layer. However, not all routers today support RPKI.

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How can you make your BGP routing policies more resilient?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Use Route Filtering

2 Apply Route Aggregation

3 Implement Route Authentication

4 Monitor and Analyze Route Changes

5 Test and Review Your Policies

6 Update and Maintain Your Policies

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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How can you make your BGP routing policies more resilient?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Use Route Filtering

2 Apply Route Aggregation

3 Implement Route Authentication

4 Monitor and Analyze Route Changes

5 Test and Review Your Policies

6 Update and Maintain Your Policies

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Networking

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