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How can you make sure your battery storage system is compatible with your solar PV system?

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If you have a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, you might want to add a battery storage system to store excess energy and use it when the sun is not shining. However, not all batteries are compatible with all solar PV systems, and choosing the wrong one can result in poor performance, safety issues, or wasted money. In this article, you will learn how to make sure your battery storage system is compatible with your solar PV system by following these steps:

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Patrick van Schijndel

1 Check the voltage

The voltage of your battery storage system should match the voltage of your solar PV system. If the voltage is too high or too low, you will need a converter or a regulator to adjust it, which can reduce the efficiency and lifespan of your system. You can find the voltage of your solar PV system on the label of your inverter or charge controller, and the voltage of your battery storage system on the label of your battery or battery management system (BMS).

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Patrick van Schijndel
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There are severa; types of battery storage which are important to note. Understand that lead-acid based storage is the old standard and 12Volt, 24Volt and 48Volt DC lead-acid systems have come a long way around. Many off-grid systems use these voltages. Also certain Hybrid systems like those from Victron and others are mainly in 24Volt or 48Volt DC range familiar with lead acid. But since 5-10 years Lithium batteries have come around matching these low voltage storage systems. Make sure the battery voltage matches the inverter/charger but also the battery type! In some cases voltage levels can be manually set. Then we have so called high voltage systems in lithium with levels around 250-400Volt DC.

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Sangram Keshari Mohanty, Ph.D.

Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Researcher | Advancing Cathode Materials & Electrocatalysis for High-Performance Li-Ion & Post-Li Batteries
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Imagine you have a solar PV system generating electricity at 48 volts. If you connect it to a battery storage system with a different voltage, say 24 volts, without a converter, it would be like trying to fit a square peg into a round hole. This mismatch can lead to inefficiencies, reduced energy storage capacity, and potentially damage both systems over time. To avoid this, you would need a converter or regulator to align the voltages properly. Checking the labels on your solar inverter (or charge controller) for 48 volts and your battery (or BMS) for 48 volts ensures a harmonious match, allowing your renewable energy setup to function optimally.

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2 Check the capacity

The capacity of your battery storage system should match your energy needs and your solar PV system's output. If the capacity is too low, you will not be able to store enough energy for your peak demand or backup power. If the capacity is too high, you will waste money on unused energy and reduce the cycle life of your battery. You can estimate your energy needs by looking at your electricity bills or using an online calculator, and you can find the output of your solar PV system on the label of your inverter or charge controller.

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Sangram Keshari Mohanty, Ph.D.

Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Researcher | Advancing Cathode Materials & Electrocatalysis for High-Performance Li-Ion & Post-Li Batteries
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Imagine your home consumes 20 kWh/day, and your solar PV system generates 15 kWh/day. For effective energy management, your battery capacity should bridge the gap. If it's, say, 10 kWh, you might face power shortages during peak demand. However, a 30 kWh capacity could result in unused energy and premature battery wear. Accurate estimation, considering both consumption and solar output, ensures your battery capacity suits your needs, optimizing self-sufficiency and minimizing energy waste.

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3 Check the chemistry

The chemistry of your battery storage system should match your application and your preferences. Different types of batteries have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, performance, safety, lifespan, maintenance, and environmental impact. For example, lead-acid batteries are cheap and widely available, but they have low energy density, short cycle life, and high environmental impact. Lithium-ion batteries are expensive and require a BMS, but they have high energy density, long cycle life, and low environmental impact.

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Patrick van Schijndel
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Lead acid are slowly replaced with lithium. Lithium batteries have better life span, can be used over a much larger state of charge interval and are also less heavy compared to lead acid. In any case avoid under or over charge and make sure batteries are not stored empty!

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Sangram Keshari Mohanty, Ph.D.

Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Researcher | Advancing Cathode Materials & Electrocatalysis for High-Performance Li-Ion & Post-Li Batteries
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Choosing the right battery chemistry is crucial. For instance, for a backup power system in a remote communication station, lead-acid batteries may seem cost-effective initially. Still, their low energy density and shorter cycle life could result in frequent replacements and operational disruptions. In contrast, lithium-ion batteries, despite a higher upfront cost, offer superior energy density and longer cycle life, ensuring a more reliable and cost-efficient solution for uninterrupted power in critical applications.

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4 Check the compatibility

The compatibility of your battery storage system with your solar PV system depends on the type and configuration of your system. There are three main types of solar PV systems: grid-tied, off-grid, and hybrid. Grid-tied systems are connected to the utility grid and do not need a battery storage system, unless you want to have backup power or reduce your grid dependence. Off-grid systems are not connected to the grid and need a battery storage system to provide power when there is no sun. Hybrid systems are connected to the grid and have a battery storage system to optimize their energy use and savings.

The configuration of your solar PV system refers to how the components are connected and controlled. There are two main configurations: AC-coupled and DC-coupled. AC-coupled systems connect the solar PV system and the battery storage system to a common AC bus, and use an inverter to convert the DC power from the solar panels and the battery to AC power for the loads and the grid. DC-coupled systems connect the solar PV system and the battery storage system to a common DC bus, and use a charge controller to regulate the power flow and a single inverter to convert the DC power to AC power for the loads and the grid.

The compatibility of your battery storage system with your solar PV system depends on the type and configuration of your system. For example, if you have a grid-tied AC-coupled system, you can use any type of battery storage system, as long as it has an inverter that can communicate with your solar PV inverter. If you have an off-grid DC-coupled system, you need to use a battery storage system that has the same voltage and chemistry as your solar PV system, and a charge controller that can handle the current and protect the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.

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5 Check the regulations

The regulations of your battery storage system depend on your location and your utility company. You may need to obtain permits, inspections, or approvals before installing or operating your battery storage system. You may also need to comply with certain standards, codes, or guidelines for safety, quality, or performance. You may also need to register your battery storage system with your utility company or participate in certain programs or incentives that can affect your electricity rates, fees, or credits. You should check the regulations of your battery storage system with your local authorities and your utility company before buying or installing your system.

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6 Check the warranty

The warranty of your battery storage system is an important factor to consider when choosing your system. The warranty of your battery storage system should cover the performance, lifespan, and defects of your system. You should check the warranty terms and conditions, such as the duration, the coverage, the exclusions, the limitations, and the claims process. You should also check the warranty requirements, such as the installation, the maintenance, and the documentation. You should choose a battery storage system that has a long and comprehensive warranty from a reputable and reliable manufacturer or supplier.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you make sure your battery storage system is compatible with your solar PV system?

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1 Check the voltage

2 Check the capacity

3 Check the chemistry

4 Check the compatibility

5 Check the regulations

6 Check the warranty

7 Here’s what else to consider

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