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How can you identify the best capacitors for your electronic circuits?

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Capacitors are essential components in many electronic circuits, as they store and release electrical energy, filter signals, and smooth voltage fluctuations. However, not all capacitors are the same, and choosing the wrong one can lead to poor performance, noise, instability, or even damage. In this article, you will learn how to identify the best capacitors for your electronic circuits, based on their types, ratings, and applications.

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ARINDAM DAS

Associate at PwC India || M.Tech Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur || Switched…

1 Capacitor Types

Capacitors can be classified into two broad categories: fixed and variable. Fixed capacitors have a constant capacitance value, while variable capacitors can be adjusted by changing their physical configuration. Fixed capacitors can be further divided into polarized and non-polarized types. Polarized capacitors, such as electrolytic and tantalum, have a positive and a negative terminal, and must be connected correctly to avoid damage. Non-polarized capacitors, such as ceramic and film, can be connected either way. The type of capacitor you choose depends on the frequency, voltage, temperature, and size of your circuit.

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ARINDAM DAS

Associate at PwC India || M.Tech Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur || Switched Mode Power Converters || Digital control in SMPC || Electronic Circuit Design || Operational Amplifiers
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Capacitors are made using materials like glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, cellulose, porcelain, Mylar, Teflon, and mica. Different types of capacitors available in the market are:- Polarized capacitor Non-polarized capacitor Electrolytic capacitor Ceramic capacitor Radial ceramic capacitor Multi-layered ceramic capacitor Three terminal capacitor Film capacitor Mica capacitor Polyester capacitor Paper capacitor Aluminium capacitor Air capacitor Tantalum capacitor Carbon supercapacitor Surface mount capacitor Trimmer capacitor Polystyrene capacitor

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Gbenga Ige

Industrial Control Panel Builder
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There are various types of capacitor which might either be a polarized, non polarized, ceramic etc. A capacitor values can be measured with the use of some special multimeter that has the ability to measure the value of the capacitor

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2 Capacitor Ratings

Capacitors have two main ratings: capacitance and voltage. Capacitance is the measure of how much electrical charge a capacitor can store, and is expressed in farads (F) or its subunits, such as microfarads (μF) or picofarads (pF). Voltage is the maximum potential difference that a capacitor can withstand, and is expressed in volts (V) or its multiples, such as kilovolts (kV) or millivolts (mV). The capacitance and voltage ratings of a capacitor should match the requirements of your circuit, and provide some margin of safety. For example, if your circuit operates at 12 V, you should use a capacitor with a voltage rating of at least 16 V.

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ARINDAM DAS

Associate at PwC India || M.Tech Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur || Switched Mode Power Converters || Digital control in SMPC || Electronic Circuit Design || Operational Amplifiers
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Capacitors vary based on how much charge it can store which is expressed in farads(F). The second factor is how much voltage it can withstand. From 10pF to Hundreds of uF there is a wide range of capacitors available in the market. From 1V to thousands of volts a wide range of capacitors available in the market. The ceramic and other capacitors being small in size have capacitor codes written on it. We can refer these codes to know about the capacity in F and voltage ratings. The capacitor rating chart is followed universally and can be referred from any standard chart. Based on circuit requirements one should choose capacitors.

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3 Capacitor Applications

Capacitors have various applications in electronic circuits, depending on their functions and characteristics. For instance, they can be used for decoupling to isolate different parts of a circuit and prevent interference or noise. Additionally, capacitors can be used for filtering out unwanted frequencies or signals from a circuit. Furthermore, capacitors can be used to create time delays or oscillations in a circuit by charging and discharging at a certain rate. Examples include creating a timer or clock for a digital circuit, or generating a periodic signal for a sound or light circuit.

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4 Capacitor Selection

When selecting the best capacitor for your electronic circuit, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, the type of capacitor should suit the frequency, voltage, temperature, and size of the circuit. For instance, a ceramic capacitor is suitable for high-frequency or high-temperature circuits, while an electrolytic capacitor is better for low-frequency or high-capacitance circuits. Additionally, the rating should match the capacitance and voltage needs of the circuit with some margin of safety. For example, a 100 μF, 16 V capacitor is suitable for a 12 V, 80 μF circuit. Lastly, choose an application that fulfills your circuit's function and performance. For instance, a decoupling capacitor can be used to isolate a power supply from a sensitive component and a filtering capacitor can be used to filter out unwanted frequencies or signals.

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5 Capacitor Testing

Before using a capacitor in your electronic circuit, it is important to test it to ensure it is working correctly and has the right ratings. To do this, you can use a multimeter, an oscilloscope, or a capacitance meter. The steps for testing a capacitor are as follows: first, disconnect the capacitor from the circuit and discharge it by shorting its terminals with a wire or resistor. Then, adjust the testing device to measure capacitance, resistance, or voltage depending on the type of capacitor and device you are using. Next, connect the testing device to the capacitor terminals, noting the polarity for polarized capacitors. Finally, read the value displayed on the testing device and compare it with the rated value of the capacitor. If it is within an acceptable range, then the capacitor is good. If not, then it is bad or damaged.

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ARINDAM DAS

Associate at PwC India || M.Tech Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur || Switched Mode Power Converters || Digital control in SMPC || Electronic Circuit Design || Operational Amplifiers
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Using the capacitance mode on the multimeter Remove the capacitor to be tested from the electric board. Discharge the capacitor completely by connecting it across a resistor, and remove the capacitor thereafter for testing. Connect the capacitor terminals to the leads of the probe (positive terminal of the capacitor to the red probe and the negative terminal of the capacitor to the black probe of the multimeter). In a typical polar capacitor, the longer lead is the positive terminal, and the shorter lead is the negative terminal. Rotate the selection knob of the multimeter and select the capacitance mode. Note the value on the display panel and compare it with the value given on the capacitor case to check for any faults

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you identify the best capacitors for your electronic circuits?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Capacitor Types

2 Capacitor Ratings

3 Capacitor Applications

4 Capacitor Selection

5 Capacitor Testing

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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How can you identify the best capacitors for your electronic circuits?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Capacitor Types

2 Capacitor Ratings

3 Capacitor Applications

4 Capacitor Selection

5 Capacitor Testing

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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