How can you identify and address underlying issues in complex or wicked problems?

1 Understand the problem

The first step to identify and address underlying issues is to understand the nature and scope of the problem you are dealing with. This involves gathering relevant information, data, and evidence, as well as engaging with different stakeholders and perspectives. You can use various methods and frameworks to analyze and map the problem, such as systems thinking, causal loop diagrams, stakeholder analysis, or problem trees. These can help you identify the root causes, interrelationships, feedback loops, and leverage points that shape the problem.

2 Frame the problem

The next step is to frame the problem in a way that captures its essence and guides the problem-solving process. Framing the problem involves defining the problem statement, the goals, the criteria, and the boundaries of the problem. You can use techniques such as reframing, appreciative inquiry, or design thinking to challenge assumptions, explore opportunities, and generate insights. Framing the problem also requires considering the ethical, cultural, and emotional dimensions of the problem, as well as the values and interests of the stakeholders.

3 Generate solutions

The third step is to generate possible solutions that address the underlying issues and meet the criteria and goals of the problem. This involves brainstorming, ideating, and prototyping different options, using creative and divergent thinking. You can use tools such as mind mapping, SCAMPER, or six thinking hats to stimulate and organize ideas. Generating solutions also requires involving and empowering the stakeholders, fostering collaboration and diversity, and testing and iterating the solutions.

4 Evaluate solutions

The fourth step is to evaluate the solutions based on their feasibility, desirability, and sustainability. This involves assessing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each solution, as well as their impact and implications for the problem and the stakeholders. You can use methods such as SWOT analysis, cost-benefit analysis, or impact matrix to compare and rank solutions. Evaluating solutions also requires communicating and presenting the solutions, soliciting feedback and criticism, and making trade-offs and compromises.

5 Implement solutions

The fifth step is to implement the solutions that have been selected and agreed upon by the stakeholders. This involves planning and executing the actions, resources, and responsibilities needed to realize the solutions. You can use tools such as action plans, Gantt charts, or RACI matrix to define and monitor the implementation process. Implementing solutions also requires managing and mitigating risks, uncertainties, and conflicts, as well as adapting and learning from the outcomes.

6 Review solutions

The final step is to review the solutions and their effects on the problem and the stakeholders. This involves measuring and evaluating the results, outcomes, and impacts of the solutions, as well as identifying the lessons learned, the best practices, and the areas for improvement. You can use techniques such as surveys, interviews, or case studies to collect and analyze data and feedback. Reviewing solutions also requires acknowledging and celebrating the achievements, the contributions, and the learnings of the stakeholders.