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How can you ensure your satellite security is up-to-date?

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Satellites are essential for many telecommunications applications, such as broadcasting, navigation, remote sensing, and data transmission. However, they also face various security threats, such as jamming, spoofing, hijacking, and cyberattacks. To protect your satellite assets and operations, you need to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date. Here are some tips on how to do that.

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1 Assess your risks

To ensure your satellite security is up-to-date, the first step is to assess your risks. Identify potential sources, targets, and impacts of security threats to your satellite system. Consider questions such as who the adversaries may be that want to disrupt or compromise the system, what vulnerabilities and weaknesses exist in the ground station, space segment, communication links, and user terminals, and what the consequences and damages of a successful security breach could be - for example, loss of service, data leakage, reputation harm, or legal liability. Assessing your risks allows you to prioritize the most critical and urgent security issues and allocate resources accordingly.

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David Edens

Telecommunications Technician
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Satellite communications are almost uniquely vulnerable to offensive action. As an operator, maintainer or provider it’s important to not just understand the risks to the network and systems, but also to be able to prioritize countering the risks that you can have more control over (ie data encryption, physical site security, network security, etc), over the risks that you may not have much (or at least less) control over (ie space debris/physical threats, brute force jamming, “blasting hot”, etc).

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2 Update your software

The second step to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date is to update your software. This includes patches and fixes for the operating system, firmware, applications, and protocols. Doing so can help prevent or mitigate vulnerabilities and bugs that may expose your satellite system to security attacks. To update your software, you can use over-the-air updates to remotely download and install software, connect your satellite system to a ground station with a wired connection, or instruct end-users to update their user terminals. Ultimately, by updating your software, you can improve the performance, reliability, and security of your satellite system.

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David Edens

Telecommunications Technician
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Regardless of your method of updating software/firmware/etc, it’s also important to have rollback contingencies in case of catastrophic bugs in a new version. This is extra important in cases where a new version is not backwards compatible with the previous version. Being able to force through a roll-back to a previous version across your common systems until the catastrophic bugs can be fixed can be a life-saver for your network and its customers or end-users.

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3 Encrypt your data

The third step to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date is to encrypt your data. To protect it from unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure, you should utilize encryption techniques. This will ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of your data. You may use link encryption to encrypt the data that travels between your satellite system and the ground station or user terminals, which can prevent eavesdropping, interception, or manipulation of your data by third parties. Additionally, you can use data encryption to encrypt data stored or processed by your satellite system or user terminals, which can prevent data theft, leakage, or corruption by malicious actors. Through encryption, you can safeguard your information assets and comply with regulatory and ethical standards.

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David Edens

Telecommunications Technician
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Satellite communications, like some other RF methods of communication, can be easily intercepted at the physical waveform level. Due to this reality, it’s a good idea to have multiple methods or iterations of data encryption in play if data security is a major concern for the provider.

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4 Monitor your system

The fourth step to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date is to monitor your system. Tracking and analyzing activities and events, such as the status, performance, errors, and anomalies, can help you detect and respond to security incidents like jamming, spoofing, hijacking, or cyberattacks. To do this, you can use sensors to measure physical parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration or radiation. Logs can collect and store operational data like commands, responses, messages or transactions. Additionally, you can configure alerts from your satellite system or user terminals to notify and warn you of any abnormal or suspicious events like failures, errors or intrusions. By monitoring your system in this way, you can maintain the availability, functionality and security of your satellite system.

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5 Train your staff

The fifth step to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date is to train your staff. Educating and empowering them to follow the best practices and policies for satellite security can help prevent or reduce human errors, negligence, or misconduct that may compromise your satellite system. For example, you may provide technical training to teach them how to use, maintain, and troubleshoot your satellite system or the user terminals. Security training can help them recognize, prevent, and report security threats and incidents. Meanwhile, awareness training can help them understand and comply with the legal and ethical obligations and responsibilities for satellite security. Ultimately, by training your staff, you can improve their skills, knowledge, and attitude for satellite security.

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David Edens

Telecommunications Technician
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Training should not be an end-of-probationary-period thing for new employees. Periodic re-training and refresher training is also key. Training also does not necessarily need to be limited to classroom, presentation or teleconference formats either. Practical exercises are also very valuable. Everything from bringing down and setting up systems to cloning and replacing subsystem components and more can be set up by trainers to maintain skills. “Red teaming” can also be a good way to assess and evaluate the results of the training from a security perspective. This can include fake phishing emails, but also things like simulated intrusions (physical and network), mild “sabotage” and more can also be valuable tools and learning experiences.

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6 Review your strategy

The sixth step to ensure your satellite security is up-to-date is to review your strategy. Evaluating and improving your satellite security strategy periodically and continuously can help you adapt to changing needs, expectations, and challenges. To review your strategy, you can conduct audits or tests on your satellite system or user terminals to verify compliance, assess performance, and measure resilience of security capabilities. Additionally, you can collect feedback from staff, customers, partners, regulators, or competitors to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement and innovation. Ultimately, reviewing your strategy will allow you to optimize and update your satellite security for current and future needs.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you ensure your satellite security is up-to-date?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Assess your risks

2 Update your software

3 Encrypt your data

4 Monitor your system

5 Train your staff

6 Review your strategy

7 Here’s what else to consider

Telecommunications Engineering

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How can you ensure your satellite security is up-to-date?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Assess your risks

2 Update your software

3 Encrypt your data

4 Monitor your system

5 Train your staff

6 Review your strategy

7 Here’s what else to consider

Telecommunications Engineering

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