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How can you ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems?

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Integrating LTE with legacy systems can be a challenging task, especially if you want to maintain backward compatibility with older technologies. Backward compatibility means that your LTE network can interoperate with existing systems, such as 2G, 3G, or WiMAX, without compromising performance or functionality. This can benefit your customers, who can enjoy seamless service across different areas and devices, and your business, who can save costs and resources by reusing existing infrastructure. In this article, you will learn how to ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems, and what are the main factors and methods to consider.

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Soweto Mitchell

RF IV at Charter Communications/Spectrum

1 Factor 1: Frequency bands

One of the first factors to consider when integrating LTE with legacy systems is the frequency bands that you will use for your LTE network. LTE supports a wide range of frequency bands, from 450 MHz to 3.8 GHz, and can be deployed in different bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. However, not all frequency bands are available or compatible with legacy systems, and some may require additional licenses or regulations. Therefore, you need to carefully plan and select the frequency bands that suit your needs and your market, and that can coexist with your existing systems without causing interference or degradation.

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Soweto Mitchell

RF IV at Charter Communications/Spectrum
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Depends on what the vendor radio capabilities are and this should be selected carefully. FCC defined frequency bands are already separated from each other and between uplink and downlink frequencies in ways to mitigate or prevent interference, however basic checks would be to make sure eCSFB or iRAT frequencies arent 1st 2nd or 3rd order harmonics of LTE freqs/bands used, esp in the case of using Primary/Secondary cell (PCell/SCell with Carrier Aggregation) config. So enodeB and intended UEs/CPEs must support same frequency bands used by carrier and bands must not interfere with each other on uplink or downlink, including harmonics. Intermod interference between the LTE and 2G/3G equipment can also be asessed with spec analysis and KPIs

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2 Factor 2: Network architecture

Another factor to consider when integrating LTE with legacy systems is the network architecture that you will adopt for your LTE network. LTE uses a flat and simplified architecture, based on two main components: the evolved Node B (eNB), which is the base station that provides radio access, and the evolved packet core (EPC), which is the core network that provides mobility, security, and service management. However, legacy systems may use different architectures, such as circuit-switched or hierarchical, and may require different interfaces and protocols to communicate with the LTE network. Therefore, you need to design and implement a network architecture that can support both LTE and legacy systems, and that can provide seamless handover and roaming between them.

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Soweto Mitchell

RF IV at Charter Communications/Spectrum
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I wont go into too much detail here but Carrier Aggregation and PCell/Scell configurations once link balanced (proper link budget and field testing) typically can anchor on to any design whether using enodeB/MME/EPC setup or more newage with BBU/RRU straight to vRAN setups...PCell/SCell with CA config is even recommended for LTE with CBRS with only VOIP and no CS fallback.

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3 Factor 3: Device compatibility

A third factor to consider when integrating LTE with legacy systems is the device compatibility that you will offer to your customers. Device compatibility means that your customers can use their existing devices, such as phones, tablets, or modems, to access your LTE network, or that they can easily upgrade or switch to new devices that support LTE. However, not all devices are compatible with all frequency bands, network architectures, or standards, and some may require firmware or software updates to work with your LTE network. Therefore, you need to ensure that your customers have access to a wide range of devices that can support both LTE and legacy systems, and that you provide them with clear and timely information and guidance on how to use them.

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4 Method 1: Multi-mode devices

One of the methods that you can use to ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems is to use multi-mode devices. Multi-mode devices are devices that can support multiple technologies, such as LTE, 2G, 3G, or WiMAX, and can switch between them depending on the availability and quality of the signal. Multi-mode devices can provide your customers with the best possible service, as they can always connect to the fastest and most reliable network, and can avoid service interruptions or drops. However, multi-mode devices can also be more expensive, complex, and power-consuming than single-mode devices, and may require more testing and certification to ensure their functionality and interoperability.

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5 Method 2: Dual-stack network

Another method that you can use to ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems is to use a dual-stack network. A dual-stack network is a network that can support both LTE and legacy systems, and can provide both packet-switched and circuit-switched services. A dual-stack network can benefit your business, as you can reuse your existing infrastructure and equipment, and can offer both voice and data services to your customers. However, a dual-stack network can also be more costly, complex, and maintenance-intensive than a single-stack network, and may require more coordination and integration between the different systems and components.

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Soweto Mitchell

RF IV at Charter Communications/Spectrum
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Not sure if by dual stack the question is referring to DSDS dual SIM, non-standalone as in Pcell/Scell or if it means Carrier Aggregation, IP4/IP6 aggregation, or 2 separate radios/equipment on the same site broadcasting 2 technologies.. this has become one issue in the RF space.. the overuse and incorrect use of acronyms and terminology which somewhat varies from office to office and vendor to vendor...

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6 Method 3: Software-defined radio

A third method that you can use to ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems is to use software-defined radio. Software-defined radio is a technology that can dynamically adapt to different frequency bands, standards, and protocols, by using software rather than hardware to process the radio signals. Software-defined radio can provide your network with more flexibility, scalability, and efficiency, as you can easily upgrade or modify your network without changing the hardware, and you can optimize the use of the spectrum and the resources. However, software-defined radio can also be more challenging, risky, and vulnerable than hardware-based radio, and may require more security and quality assurance measures to ensure its reliability and performance.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you ensure backward compatibility when integrating LTE with legacy systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Factor 1: Frequency bands

2 Factor 2: Network architecture

3 Factor 3: Device compatibility

4 Method 1: Multi-mode devices

5 Method 2: Dual-stack network

6 Method 3: Software-defined radio

7 Here’s what else to consider

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