Monitoring and responding to incidents are essential for detecting and mitigating security breaches while minimizing the impact and damage. Monitoring involves collecting and analyzing data and logs from an application and its environment, such as network traffic, user activity, system performance, and error messages. Responding involves taking appropriate actions to contain, investigate, and resolve incidents. To ensure effective monitoring and responding to incidents, you should use monitoring tools and platforms such as SIEM, IDS/IPS, and APM to collect data and logs from various sources. Additionally, incident response plans and procedures such as NIST SP 800-61 or ISO/IEC 27035 can help define roles, responsibilities, and steps for handling incidents. Finally, incident response teams and tools like CERT or SOAR can coordinate incident response activities like analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned. Application security is not a one-time task but an ongoing process that requires secure development lifecycle, encryption/authentication techniques, as well as monitoring/responding to incidents to keep up with emerging threats.