How can you ensure accessibility when using CSS and JavaScript on a website?

Prioritizing semantic HTML is essential for ensuring website accessibility, and making it the foundation is key. Utilize <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <ul> for lists, and <nav> for navigation. This offers crucial context for screen readers and assistive technologies. You can also utilize ARIA Roles and attributes sparingly to provide additional semantic information to assistive technologies, supplementing existing HTML semantics ??

The days of endless div elements are just about gone, and understanding what to use instead matters, a ton. Other commenters have mentioned the most common 'microstructure' tags (headings, paragraphs, lists, etc), but we need to talk more about the 'macrostructure' tags, because they make the biggest difference in your SEO. Macrostructure tags, such as the <main>, <nav>, <header>, and <footer> tags, are the new standard with HTML5, and they are meant to be used with other new macrostructure tags, like: <article>, <section>, <figure>, and <aside>. Used together, these tags clearly outline the document structure, and help search engines better understand your content, and how to rank it.

Semantic HTML lays the groundwork for accessibility, guiding assistive technologies and structuring content meaningfully. CSS and JavaScript should complement, not replace, this foundation.

it should be kept in mind that ease and accessibility for the user must be included in the HTML code For example It should be as meaningful as possible, such as being clickable, focusable, and allowing keyboard-only navigation. Avoid using CSS only to guide the user, but provide the user with the necessary information for that Taking into account the difference in devices and screens keep in mind persons who have low vision

Creating an inclusive digital experience involves meticulous strategies in web development, especially with CSS and JavaScript. Start with semantic HTML for a meaningful document structure. Apply progressive enhancement in CSS, blending modern design with core accessibility. Responsive design ensures adaptability across devices. JavaScript elements should be keyboard-accessible, using ARIA for clarity. Address visual needs with color contrast and alt text. Rigorous testing with assistive tools identifies and rectifies barriers. Documentation guides developers, fostering awareness. This unique blend of technology and empathy forms a dynamic commitment to universal digital accessibility.

The UK introduced the Public Sector Bodies (Website and Mobile Applications)(No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018 which builds upon the Equality Act 2010. These regulations are compulsory for UK Public Sector Bodies and was influenced by the WCAG guidelines. I prefer following these guidelines when it comes to accessibility as they’re in a digestible format

Stick to WCAG guidelines for inclusive web design. WCAG principles—perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust—outline standards for accommodating disabilities. Comply by offering text alternatives, ensuring color contrast, creating keyboard-friendly interfaces, employing clear language, and validating code. Verify compliance using online tools

Beware of automated testing tools for WCAG components. Most of them test only rudimentary aspects and many guidelines are not testable that way. For example: Automated testing tools can only say, if a alt-text for an images is used. Not if this alt-text is containing information or says stuff like "image1234.jpg".

At Top Level Traffic, we start by providing alternative text for images, giving them a voice for screen readers. Then, we make sure your colours are as harmonious as a choir of singing birds, ensuring sufficient contrast. ???? Oh, and don't forget about keyboard navigation, because not everyone dances with a mouse! ???? So, embark on your accessibility quest, armed with the WCAG guidelines, and let's make the web a welcoming place for everyone! ????

Adhere to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). These guidelines provide a wide range of recommendations for making web content more accessible to people with disabilities.??

Let's get back to basics. Accessibility is about creating experiences that everyone can use. If your CSS is limiting people from interacting with your site, you should change it. Limiting users is not only about being unable to click a button because it's z-index is lower than other elements. You limit your users if your site's not screen reader friendly (test your site using tools such Google Chrome's screen reader extension - you might get a bit of a surprise!), just as you limit them if you add flashing graphics that could cause seizures. But you also limit your users if your body copy is too small or doesn't have enough contrast. Limitations come in many forms, and you should do your best to work around those.

Habitualmente veo sitios web preciosos pero poco útiles. En CSS, renovarse y adoptar las nuevas maneras de hacer las cosas es clave, porque a los que llevamos ya unos cuantos a?os, bastantes a?os, maquetando nos permite dejar atrás viejas prácticas, que eran hacks para hacer que las páginas se vieran en diversos navegadores, pero que ya no son necesarias y además, entorpecen la maquetación global de la página, complican el escalado del proyecto, etc. Aquí marcan la pauta los equipos de desarrollo de los navegadores, que deciden implementar y cuán rápido lo hacen. Otra vez Can I Use se vuelve una herramienta de mucha utilidad.

Thoughtful CSS usage is key. Steer clear of hiding vital content or flashy gimmicks. Prioritize adaptable designs for different devices. Leverage CSS to elevate visuals and offer user-friendly hints in sync with HTML elements.

As the days of endless DIV elements are over, so are the days of sprinkled id and class properties. Use selectors intelligently, and you can streamline your HTML. This gets everyone back towards the idea of HTML only conveying structure and semantics, and the CSS layering presentation on top. And don't forget your non-screen CSS, too. Nothing makes me happier than a landscape screen design which prints out beautifully in portrait.

You should avoid as much as possible hiding elements of interest to the user, for example, adding button details on mouseover. Make sure your website is responsive to avoid making the user miss any information

These days, JavaScript is everywhere. It has become the underlying language of the internet. Still, there exists a small subset of users who keep it turned off. Sadly, doing so will completely break an incredible number of sites. For example: YouTube won't even load if you turn off JavaScript. Thankfully, in most cases this is a fairly easy situation to handle. The <noscript> tag defines an element that will only render if JavaScript is off or unsupported on the user's device. So, we use <noscript> to insert messages for the users who have JS disabled.

Efficient JavaScript code contributes to faster page loading and improved overall performance. JS enhances user interactivity and responsiveness also security is compromised if not properly used. Be aware of memory management in JavaScript. Also avoid memory leaks by properly handling references, cleaning up event listeners, and managing resources appropriately.

It's important to keep in mind that some people choose to switch off JavaScript entirely from their browsers. For those that don't, they might have a poor internet connection. The more scripting you add, the more hurdles your users might encounter, whether that is forms not submitting, content not loading properly or not even at all. Again, find the right balance. JavaScript is amazing for making your web designs more engaging, but make sure essential information and actions are not purely JS run.

Efficient way to use javascript in website with the help of typescript that ensure that mistake and leakage war found and help them to minimize the fatal error during production and use of web gl library to minimize the bulk of javascript

Everyone's focus always used to be on minimizing bandwidth. While still important, this often leads to terrible performance in the client because of scripts hogging the main thread. Test with a very limited spec phone. And test with Javascript disabled.

It's crucial to wrap up by testing your site thoroughly. Using tools like accessibility checkers is a good start, but they won't catch everything. Try navigating with just a keyboard, zooming in and out, to really see how user-friendly it is. Also, involving people with disabilities in testing is gold—they offer unique perspectives that tools might miss. It's all about making sure everyone can use your site hassle-free!

Use third-party tools to reduce the amount of code, including HTML, JS, and CSS. Use Google Page Insight and Gtmetrix to test the speed of your page. It all comes to ensuring that your online presence is easy for everybody. Testing is the essential part of website. Few test which i prefer are Functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, security testing etc

Of the accessibility items mentioned, keyboard navigation and screen reader compatibility are two of the most important. Given that screen reader compatibility has a lot to do with your document structure and overall CSS styling, I'd recommend you start there.

Testen ist immer empfehlenswert. Selbst Google hat verschiedene Tools dafür. Die verschiedenen Programme bieten ebenfalls die M?glichkeit selbst die Gr??e in Pixel, W?rter oder Charaktere zu definieren.

While there are many great tools out there that help you test the code behind the scenes, nothing compares to manual testing. Test by navigating using your keyboard as well as using a screen reader. If available, have users who use the tech themselves test your site. If you are not a native screen reader user, your impression can be skewed.

make a priorirty to use typescript and do leave a comment on every new feature to rememeber and tell the tester what is the role and need of function

A good accessibility of your website is not only usefull for users with disabilities! If a screenreader is able to get through your website without accidents, so can the google crawler. Big SEO win! Clear and guiding error messages are useful for everyone. Who has never been enraged by an error message like "there was a problem" or "error 73456, for more information contact your admin"? Responsive websites should be standard nowadays. If your website is not usable on mobile devices, you are missing a huge part of your target group. And many more advantages come with a good accessbility!

Some key points that I ensure to use whenever I keep accessibility in mind are: how are people who use high contrast mode going to see it? How are blind people who rely on text-to-speech are going to experience it? Is it accessible to everyone, or is it accessible to just a certain number of people? It's easy to get into the process and focus on something that looks good, forgetting that there is a large number of people who won't get to experience the product you're putting out. When designing, every single output needs to be considered.

To ensure website accessibility with CSS and JavaScript, prioritize readable font sizes and ample color contrast. Implement responsive design for diverse devices, use clear focus styles, and structure content with semantic HTML. Include a "skip to content" link and build progressively for core functionality without JavaScript. Ensure keyboard accessibility, employ ARIA roles for dynamic content, and regularly test with assistive technologies. Provide clear error messages, handle errors gracefully, and announce content changes in AJAX or SPAs. Optimize JavaScript for performance, fostering a smoother user experience, etc.

Think of how and when your application or website could be used and consider the following things: Different times and climates - Morning, night, cold, warm, wet sunshine etc. Different Situations - In traffic, at the library, with co-workers etc. Different Devices - On Desktop, on mobile, in the car, on the fridge, as an assistive technology Different persons - Young people, older people, male, female, etc. Different impairments or none at all - Can't see, can partially see, can't differentiate colors, can't speak, can't hear, can't touch...