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How can you design a space mission that is compatible with launch vehicle capabilities?

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How can you design a space mission that is compatible with launch vehicle capabilities? This is a key question for systems engineers who need to balance the requirements of the payload, the constraints of the launcher, and the objectives of the mission. In this article, you will learn some basic principles and methods to achieve this compatibility and optimize your space mission design.

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BG(Ret) Pete Palmer

Commissioner - Scottsdale City Veterans Advisory Commission at City of Scottsdale

1 Define the mission

The first step is to define the mission, which includes the purpose, the target, the orbit, the duration, and the science or operational goals. This will help you to identify the key performance parameters and constraints of your payload, such as mass, volume, power, data rate, thermal control, and attitude control. You should also consider the environmental and operational conditions of your mission, such as radiation, temperature, gravity, and communication.

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BG(Ret) Pete Palmer

Commissioner - Scottsdale City Veterans Advisory Commission at City of Scottsdale
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Back in 1976 I took a course in orbital mechanics which basically walked us through all the formulas and math you need to achieve orbit and go to and return from the moon. That’s the last time I dealt with subject fun as it was not sure I’m qualified to fully discuss this topic. However, I will observe that it appears the focus is more on the equipment than on the humans that will be flying it. So I’d highly recommend that in defining the mission and other steps you should include Human Systems integration into all aspects. Having worked with NASA scientists who participated in the NDIA Human Systems division I know they do HSI very well including integrating cultural aspects when you have a multinational crew.

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2 Select the launcher

The next step is to select the launcher, which is the vehicle that will deliver your payload to the desired orbit. You should compare different launchers based on their capabilities, costs, availability, reliability, and compatibility with your payload. You should also check the launch site, the launch window, the launch trajectory, and the injection orbit of each launcher. You should aim to select a launcher that can meet or exceed your payload requirements and constraints, while minimizing the cost and risk of the mission.

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3 Analyze the interface

The third step is to analyze the interface between your payload and the launcher, which is the physical and functional connection that ensures the safe and successful launch. You should follow the interface control document (ICD) provided by the launcher provider, which specifies the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and data interface requirements and standards. You should also verify the compatibility of your payload with the launcher's environment, such as vibration, shock, acoustic, and electromagnetic interference.

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BG(Ret) Pete Palmer

Commissioner - Scottsdale City Veterans Advisory Commission at City of Scottsdale
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Again focus is interface on the “mechanical stuff” and doesn’t really address the Human Interface challenges. Since this is a human driven platform not a mechanical probe you need to include the human interface

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4 Optimize the design

The fourth step is to optimize the design of your payload and the mission, which is the process of finding the best trade-offs between different design variables and objectives. You should use various tools and methods, such as modeling, simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analysis, to evaluate the performance, cost, and risk of different design options. You should also consider the uncertainties and variations in the design parameters and the launch conditions, and apply appropriate margins and safety factors.

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5 Validate the performance

The fifth step is to validate the performance of your payload and the mission, which is the process of demonstrating that the design meets or exceeds the requirements and expectations. You should conduct various tests and reviews, such as functional, environmental, integration, and acceptance tests, and system, design, and readiness reviews, to verify and validate the functionality, reliability, and compatibility of your payload and the launcher. You should also collect and analyze the data and feedback from the tests and reviews, and implement any necessary changes or improvements.

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6 Prepare for launch

The final step is to prepare for launch, which is the process of ensuring that your payload and the launcher are ready for the launch operation. You should coordinate with the launcher provider and the launch site personnel, and follow the launch campaign plan and schedule. You should also perform the final checks and inspections, and monitor the launch status and weather conditions. You should be prepared for any contingencies or anomalies, and have a backup plan or a recovery plan in case of failure.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Rajkamal Mahapatra

Aviation Stores Management(Military veteran)
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When we think of a space mission to my mind the foremost thing that remains safety is paramount.First thing ,what is the intended purpose of the mission, its target, orbit, duration and finally operational goals.Then comes the payload used, its capacity,key performance, parameters required.Selection of the launcher, its capabilities, cost effectiveness,availability,reliability and its compatiblity with you payload.Now after you have defined your payload and launcher most important is its interface between the two which is harmonious operation interface.Optimise utilisation of both payload and the launcher, certify performance of the mission by conducting various ground checks,functional checks environmental fallout, standby systems.

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How can you design a space mission that is compatible with launch vehicle capabilities?

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1 Define the mission

2 Select the launcher

3 Analyze the interface

4 Optimize the design

5 Validate the performance

6 Prepare for launch

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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How can you design a space mission that is compatible with launch vehicle capabilities?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define the mission

2 Select the launcher

3 Analyze the interface

4 Optimize the design

5 Validate the performance

6 Prepare for launch

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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