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How can you design operating systems for edge computing?

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Edge computing is a paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the devices and sensors that generate and consume data, reducing latency, bandwidth, and energy consumption. However, designing operating systems for edge computing poses several challenges, such as heterogeneity, scalability, security, and reliability. In this article, you will learn some principles and strategies to design operating systems for edge computing that can meet these challenges and enable new applications and services.

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1 Understand the edge computing scenarios

The first step to design operating systems for edge computing is to understand the different scenarios and use cases that require edge computing, such as smart cities, autonomous vehicles, industrial IoT, healthcare, and gaming. Each scenario has different requirements and constraints for the operating system, such as real-time performance, data privacy, network connectivity, and resource availability. Therefore, the operating system should be able to adapt to the specific needs and characteristics of each scenario and provide the appropriate functionality and interfaces.

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Steve Canepa

Global Executive | Board Member |Building Trust | Nurturing Talent | Delivering Results | Innovating | Listening, Learning & Leading |
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You start by considering the realities of edge - it is about ‘compute and connectivity’ - and a wholistic Hybrid Cloud approach. This requires a modern cloud native - K8 based open architecture - namely Red Hat Open Shift - on Linux. A core principle of edge is to run services where they should run. By building on OCP you enable agility in service deployment. Then you can add extreme automation and data mesh technologies to optimize value. Importantly, this ensures you retain control of your architecture and leverage the rate and pace of open up-stream innovation.

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Samuel L.
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I, for one, believe the first step to consider when designing a new operating system for edge computing is to ask exactly why in the hell you are doing this. Do you have a new computing paradigm that cannot run any of the myriad of currently available choices? If not, you might actually be reinventing the wheel. Do a lot of research and make sure you don't have any other options before you decide the right path forward is try and invent an entire new operating system.

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2 Choose the appropriate edge computing architecture

The second step to design operating systems for edge computing is to choose the appropriate edge computing architecture, which defines how the edge devices, sensors, gateways, and cloud servers communicate and collaborate. There are three main types of edge computing architectures: cloud-centric, edge-centric, and hybrid. Cloud-centric architectures rely on the cloud for most of the computation and storage, while edge-centric architectures delegate most of the computation and storage to the edge devices and gateways. Hybrid architectures balance the load between the cloud and the edge according to the workload and network conditions. The operating system should be able to support the chosen architecture and facilitate the coordination and integration of the edge and cloud components.

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Engr. Tyanko Latev

"Innovative Chief Technology Officer | Driving Technology Strategy and Innovation | Expert in Software Development and Technical Leadership
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In a project for a powder coating company, I chose a hybrid edge computing architecture for our IoT platform. This decision was based on factors like network bandwidth, latency, and cost. The architecture allowed us to distribute the workload between edge devices and cloud servers, improving system performance and security. It also increased the system’s scalability and flexibility. This experience shows the importance of choosing the right architecture when designing operating systems for edge computing.

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3 Optimize the resource management and scheduling

The third step to design operating systems for edge computing is to optimize the resource management and scheduling, which involves allocating and managing the CPU, memory, disk, network, and energy resources of the edge devices and gateways. The operating system should be able to optimize the resource utilization and performance of the edge computing applications, while minimizing the energy consumption and overhead. The operating system should also be able to handle the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the edge environment, such as varying workloads, resource availability, network conditions, and device mobility. The operating system should employ intelligent and adaptive resource management and scheduling algorithms that can cope with these challenges and trade-offs.

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Aaron Reid

Principal Sales Engineer - Verge.io
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Our customers will use VergeIO to virtualize on the edge with small compute servers and/or devices like mini PCs. Then by applying the VergeIO vSAN and Hypervisor, the customer can build small foot prints that are also highly available all of the security features built in like replication, networking, and data protection for their virtual workloads. Running at the edge doesn't have to be complicated if you use the right tools

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4 Enhance the security and privacy

The fourth step to design operating systems for edge computing is to enhance the security and privacy, which involves protecting the data and applications from unauthorized access, modification, or leakage. The operating system should be able to enforce the security and privacy policies and mechanisms of the edge computing applications, such as encryption, authentication, authorization, access control, and auditing. The operating system should also be able to detect and prevent potential attacks and threats from malicious actors or compromised devices, such as denial-of-service, malware, data tampering, or eavesdropping. The operating system should leverage the edge devices and gateways as trusted entities that can perform local security and privacy operations, without relying on the cloud or third parties.

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5 Improve the reliability and fault tolerance

The fifth step to design operating systems for edge computing is to improve the reliability and fault tolerance, which involves ensuring the availability and correctness of the data and applications in the face of failures, errors, or disruptions. The operating system should be able to recover from hardware or software failures, such as device crashes, power outages, network disconnections, or bugs. The operating system should also be able to handle the uncertainty and inconsistency of the edge environment, such as data loss, data duplication, or data inconsistency. The operating system should employ reliable and fault-tolerant techniques, such as replication, checkpointing, backup, or consensus, that can guarantee the data and application integrity and consistency across the edge and cloud components.

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6 Support the application development and deployment

The sixth step to design operating systems for edge computing is to support the application development and deployment, which involves providing the tools and frameworks that enable the developers to create and run edge computing applications. The operating system should be able to support the programming languages, libraries, and APIs that the developers use to implement the edge computing logic and functionality. The operating system should also be able to support the deployment models, platforms, and containers that the developers use to package and distribute the edge computing applications. The operating system should offer a user-friendly and flexible application development and deployment environment that can simplify and accelerate the edge computing process.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Jorge A. Gil, DCEP

Principal @ Seres, LLC | Data Center Researcher | DOE DCEP Instructor | Sustainability & Energy Efficiency
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Energy efficiency and enhanced Cyber-security are key elements to consider. I guess the mayor challenge is interoperability and compatibility.

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How can you design operating systems for edge computing?

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1 Understand the edge computing scenarios

2 Choose the appropriate edge computing architecture

3 Optimize the resource management and scheduling

4 Enhance the security and privacy

5 Improve the reliability and fault tolerance

6 Support the application development and deployment

7 Here’s what else to consider

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