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How can you conduct innovative CISM and EM debriefings?

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Debriefing is a crucial component of emergency management (EM) and critical incident stress management (CISM). It helps responders and survivors cope with the psychological and emotional impacts of a crisis, learn from their experiences, and improve their preparedness and resilience. However, debriefing is not a one-size-fits-all approach. It requires innovation and adaptation to meet the diverse and evolving needs of different situations and populations. In this article, you will learn how to conduct innovative CISM and EM debriefings that are evidence-based, culturally sensitive, and engaging.

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1 What is CISM and EM debriefing?

CISM and EM debriefing are structured processes that facilitate the recovery and learning of individuals and groups who have been exposed to a traumatic or stressful event. They typically involve a trained facilitator who guides the participants through a series of steps that include sharing their reactions, clarifying facts, identifying coping strategies, and accessing resources. The goals of debriefing are to reduce distress, enhance well-being, prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and promote organizational learning and improvement.

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Thomas Franks

Sales turned entrepreneur
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Timing of a debrief is everything. When trying to debrief someone that could be suffering from shock you want to wait. Outlining how to handle those that are negatively affected are not mentally capable of doing a debriefing because of shock or fear. Always have a backup facilitators. Having a facilitator who has also been affected by the event leads to even more chaos and stress.

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2 Why is innovation important for CISM and EM debriefing?

Innovation is important for CISM and EM debriefing because each crisis is unique and complex, and the needs and preferences of the participants may vary depending on their background, culture, role, and experience. Moreover, the field of CISM and EM is constantly evolving with new research, best practices, and technologies. Therefore, debriefing facilitators need to be flexible, creative, and responsive to the changing context and challenges of each situation. They also need to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of their debriefing methods and seek feedback from the participants and stakeholders.

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3 How can you use evidence-based practices for CISM and EM debriefing?

Evidence-based practices are those that are supported by scientific research and proven to be effective and safe. When designing and delivering CISM and EM debriefings, these practices can help ensure that they meet the standards of the profession. For instance, the Psychological First Aid (PFA) framework is a widely accepted approach for providing emotional and practical support to people affected by a crisis. Additionally, the Mitchell model and the SAFER-R model are two of the most commonly used models for conducting CISM debriefings. These models consist of seven steps, such as introduction, exploration, information, normalization, coping, referral, and closure. Furthermore, the Kirkpatrick model and the RE-AIM framework are two of the most widely used models for evaluating the impact and outcomes of CISM and EM debriefings. These models involve measuring different levels of evaluation, such as reaction, learning, behavior, results, reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.

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4 How can you be culturally sensitive in CISM and EM debriefing?

Cultural sensitivity is the ability to respect and appreciate the diversity of values, beliefs, practices, and experiences of different cultural groups. This is essential for CISM and EM debriefing as it can aid in building rapport and trust with the participants, avoiding misunderstandings and conflicts, as well as tailoring your debriefing to their specific needs and preferences. To be culturally sensitive in CISM and EM debriefing, you should learn about the cultural background, history, and context of the participants and the crisis while also acknowledging the potential impact of cultural factors on their reactions and coping. Additionally, it is important to use culturally appropriate language, communication styles, and non-verbal cues while avoiding jargon, stereotypes, and assumptions. Furthermore, you should seek input and feedback from the participants while involving them in the planning and decision-making of the debriefing process. Finally, collaborating with cultural brokers, interpreters, or liaisons can help bridge any cultural gaps while facilitating the debriefing.

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Thomas Franks

Sales turned entrepreneur
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I disagree with this statement. While serving in Iraq I witnessed individuals with strong cultural beliefs and after experiencing an event completely changed their state of mind. Going into a debriefing has have a structured foundation. It is almost impossible to be culturally sensitive during a debrief simply because the human mind changes after an event. What would have been culturally sensitive prior may not be now.

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5 How can you make CISM and EM debriefing engaging and interactive?

Engaging and interactive debriefing can improve participation, motivation, and learning of the participants, making it more enjoyable and memorable. It can also foster a sense of community, support, and collaboration among them. To make CISM and EM debriefing engaging and interactive, you can use different formats and modalities such as face-to-face, online, or hybrid; individual, group, or peer; synchronous or asynchronous; formal or informal. Incorporate activities and tools like icebreakers, games, quizzes, polls, surveys, videos, podcasts, blogs. Encourage dialogue and discussion by asking open-ended questions, inviting comments and questions, summarizing and paraphrasing, acknowledging and validating. Provide feedback and recognition like giving praise, appreciation, rewards, certificates, badges.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you conduct innovative CISM and EM debriefings?

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1 What is CISM and EM debriefing?

2 Why is innovation important for CISM and EM debriefing?

3 How can you use evidence-based practices for CISM and EM debriefing?

4 How can you be culturally sensitive in CISM and EM debriefing?

5 How can you make CISM and EM debriefing engaging and interactive?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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How can you conduct innovative CISM and EM debriefings?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is CISM and EM debriefing?

2 Why is innovation important for CISM and EM debriefing?

3 How can you use evidence-based practices for CISM and EM debriefing?

4 How can you be culturally sensitive in CISM and EM debriefing?

5 How can you make CISM and EM debriefing engaging and interactive?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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